Bladder cancer takes up 5% of all new cancers in the United States. The characteristics of bladder cancer are swelling in the lower legs and hematuria. Hematuria is blood in the urine, it occurs in 8 or 9 out of 10 people who have bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is caused from cells in the bladder that mutate, then grow abnormally and they don't die. Chemically, the cells in the bladder will go through mutations and reproduce quickly. The symptoms of bladder cancer include the following: frequent urination, painful urination, back pain, and pelvic pain. The urine may appear bright red or the urine could appear normal, but the blood may be detected in a microscopic examination of the urine. The different diagnoses consists of a cytoscopy,
