Week 10 - Path

Front 1

cells that make bone?

Back 1

-osteoprogenitor cells
-osteoblasts
-osteocytes

Front 2

cells that break down bone?

Back 2

-osteoclasts

Front 3

job?
-osteoprogenitor cells
-osteoblast
-osteocyte

Back 3

-develop into osteoblasts
-form matrix of bone
-maintain matrix of bone

Front 4

salter-harris fracture
-definition?

Back 4

-at growth plate; impt to fix properly

Front 5

plastic deformation
-definition?

Back 5

-force causes shape change rather than fracture (peds)

Front 6

fractures indicitave of abuse trama?

Back 6

-metaphyses corner
-diff stages of healing
-femoral, humeral, tibia in <1y/o
-scapular fracture
-posterior rib
-multiple skull

Front 7

bone metaphyses corner fractures
-cause?

Back 7

-usually twisting of finger/digit

Front 8

stages in bone repair?

Back 8

-inflammatory stage
-repair stage
-remodeling stage

Front 9

inflammatory stage
-what happens?

Back 9

-blood vessels rupture, blood clot seals fracture site,- allows for fibroblasts, osteoprogenitor cells,

Front 10

repair stage
-what happens?

Back 10

-osteoblasts, chondroblasts make bone/cartilage

Front 11

remodeling stage
-what happens?

Back 11

-thin layers bone build up

Front 12

alkaline phosphatase
-what does it measure?

Back 12

-enzyme assoc. w/osteoblastic activity; measure of bone deposition

Front 13

hydroxyproline levels
-what do they measure?

Back 13

-AA only in collagen; high levels/excretion in bone breakdown

Front 14

levels of ALP and hydroxyproline in person with fracture?

Back 14

-both high

Front 15

serum calcium/phosphate
-abnormal levels tell you?

Back 15

-bone related pathology

Front 16

parathyroid hormone
-high levels mean?

Back 16

-more osteoclastic activity, higher ca in blood

Front 17

osteoporosis
-definition?
-clinical features?

Back 17

-decreased bone mass
-back pain, screening, fracture (hip)

Front 18

osteoporosis
-tests?
-path?
-treatment?

Back 18

-dual-energy absorptiometry; not xray/ca/p
-porous, thinning bone
-ca/vit d, bisphosphonates, estrogen replacement

Front 19

osteogenesis imperfecta
-definition?
-path?

Back 19

-genetic disorders w/abnormal collagen; hypodense bone
-porous, thinning bone

Front 20

osteitis fibrosa cystica (von recklinghausen bone dx)
-definition?
-diagnose?
-path?
-treatment?

Back 20

-inc levels PTH, inc. osteoclastic activity, oxteolytic bone lesions
-dual energy absorpitimetry, labs
-"brown tumor"
-vit d, remove parathyroid

Front 21

renal osteodystrophy
-definition?
-clinical sx?
-treatment?

Back 21

-type of osteitis fibrosa cystica; hyperparathyroidism, ESRD
-renal failure, dec. bone mass, osteomalacia
-Ca, vit D

Front 22

Rickets/Osteomalacia
-definition?
-dx?

Back 22

-R(child) O(adults), Vit D deficiency, dec. calcification of bone matrix - soft bones
-xray, labs

Front 23

rickets/osteomalacia
-clinical features?

Back 23

-R: weak bones, bowed legs, skeletal deformities, late closing of fontanelles, pigeon breast, dec. height, rachitic rosary
O: osteopenia, osteomalacia

Front 24

scurvy
-definition?

Back 24

-vit C deficiency, impaired collagen form., dec. osteoid matrix formation

Front 25

scurvy
-clinical features?

Back 25

-weak capillaries: bleed gums, loose teeth, anemia; cork screw hairs, bone pain

Front 26

osteopetrosis (albers-schonberg dx/ marble bone)
-definition?
-path?

Back 26

-reduced osteoclastic resoprtion; inc. density w/hardening
-bone lacks medullary cavity

Front 27

infantile malignant osteopetrosis
-inheritance?
-clinical sx?

Back 27

-AR
-fractures, anemia, neutropenia, infections, death

Front 28

adult osteopetrosis
-inheritance?
-clinical sx?

Back 28

-AD
-repeated fractures, cranial nerve deficits, anemia

Front 29

Paget's dx of bone (osteitis deformans)
-definition?
-onset?

Back 29

-localized, abnormal bony architecture, inc. osteoclast/blast activity
-usually after 40 y/o; viral or genetic

Front 30

Paget's dx
-stages?

Back 30

-osteolytic: inc breakdown
-mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic
-osteosclerotic - inc. bone density

Front 31

paget's disease
-clinical sx?
-dx?

Back 31

-isolated to one bone, axial skeleton or proximal femur; fractures, nerve compression, osteoarthritis, tibial bowing
-inc. alkaline phosphatase, xray

Front 32

paget's disease
-path?

Back 32

-osteolytic phase: large osteoclasts
-mixed phase: woven bone, mosaic pattern
-ostersclerotic phase: thickened trabeculae and cortices

Front 33

infectious osteomyelitis
-definition?
-dx?

Back 33

infection of bone, inflammation; often from ulcer/lesion over bone
-xrays have mottled pattern