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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some highlited focuses in the definition of nursing? |
-Assist in activities contributing to the health or recovery of the patient -Assist in a way to help patients gain independence as rapidly as possible |
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What are the 4 aims of Nursing?
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1. Promote health
2. to prevent illness 3. To restore health 4. To facilitate coping with disability or death |
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What does ANA stand for and what is the purpose?
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American Nurses Association- oversee the nurses, rules and policy
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What does NLN stand for and what is the purpose? |
National League for nursing- organization for nurses |
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What does AACN stand for and what is the purpose? |
American Association of Colleges of Nursing- all for the different college of nurses
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What does NSNA stand for and what is the purpose? |
National Student Nurse's Association (NSNA)- Florida Student Nurses Associaton For nursing students |
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What type of authority regulates the practice of nursing? |
State nurse practice acts |
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What is the nursing process? |
1. Assessment 2. Nursing Diagnosis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation |
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What are the different ways to make decisions? |
1. Critical pathways 2. National standards & guidelines 3. clinical judgement |
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What is reflective practice? |
A way for nurses to self-evaluate on who to improve the quality of their nursing practice |
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What are the 6 concepts of caring? |
1. conscience- right vs wrong. Best treatment possible for all patients 2. confidence- full belief. nurses display what they now to build trust 3. compassion- sympathy with action 4. commitment- follow through to completion. nurses must do what they say they will 5. competence- capable and qualified 6. comportment- professional conduct |
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What areas nurses have a professional role in? |
1. Acute and non acute care 2. Advanced practice care 3. changing areas |
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Describe acute care nurses? |
Practice in the hospital
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Describe staff nurse, nurse manager, nurse administrator, nurse researcher, nurse educator |
-Staff nurse- only specific patients, assigned times -nurse manager- accountable in specific area -nurse administrator- organizational responsibility -nurse researcher- research, validates w/ data -nurse educator- teaches, researches, directs, evaluates |
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Describe nonacute care nurses |
practice outside hospital |
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Describe the following nonacute nurses -community-based home health nurses -parish nurses -long-term care nurses -occupational health and industrial nurses |
-community-based home health nurses- in the community -parish nurses- church communities -long-term care nurses- patients who have lost some or all ability to function -occupational health and industrial nurses- work in factories, corporations. Ensure productivity and OSHA |
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Describe the following nonacute care nurses -school nurses -clinic nurses -hospice nurses -gerontolgic nurses |
-school nurses- cares for students -clinic nurses- practice in clinics or surgical centers, runs health care provider office -hospice nurses- care for the dying/their significant others -gerontolgic nurses-- care for older adults |
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What are some examples of Advanced Practice Nurses? |
-Nurse practitioners -clinical nurses specialists -nurse-midwives -certified registered nurse anesthetist -academic nurse educators |
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Describe -Nurse practitioners -clinical nurses specialists -nurse-midwives -certified registered nurse anesthetist -academic nurse educators |
-Nurse practitioners- individuals in acute and nonacute settings -clinical nurses specialists- specialized care in clinical practice area -nurse-midwives- child birthing -certified registered nurse anesthetist- works with anesthesia -academic nurse educators- teaching faculty |
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What are some nursing care structures delivery models? |
-case method- cares for all patient needs -functional nursing- performs specific tasks -team and modular nursing- group provides care directed by leader -primary nursing- RN provides 24-hour care, beginning to end |
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What are the basic elements that all models contain? |
-work allocation -clinical decision making -communication -Management |
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What are the differences in the models?
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-case method- shift-only total care
-functional nursing- tasks only, not total care -team and modular nursing- a little less fragmented care -primary nursing- like case management; more holistic care |
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Define cultural competence and what are the four components? |
considers individual patient values
-cultural awareness -cultural knowledge -cultural skill -cultural encounters |
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What is quality health care and what are the components? |
-person-specific -better patient outcomes -meet state/national license and accreditiation |
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What are conditions for caring? |
-knowledge and awareness of need -intention to act -actions based on knowledge -results in positive change
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What are some patient rights the nurses advocate for? |
-autonomy -free choice -right to make informed decisions -change agent within the health care system -supports excellence of care |
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What are the roles of nurses as an educator? |
-Nurses educate patients, families, communities -Emphasize health promotion and maintenance -Nurses promote health by: teaching, modeling lifestyles that promote wellness, sharing consequences of disases, ways to decrease risks |
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What is the role of nurse as a researcher? |
-Nurses research issues related to nursing and health care in general -collaborative and interdisciplinary research: fosters, communication and respect, enhances collaborative practice, allows more comprehensive approach to health care and wellness research |
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What are the roles of nurses as leaders and their model? |
-uses personal traits and personal power to influence others toward a goal -ties together the support, collaboration, and enthusiasm of people to meet specific goals and objectives
model -time management -priority setting -patient and family teaching -evaluation of the quality of care |
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What are vital signs and what is the purpose? |
Physiological parameters
indicate adequacy of regulatory mechansims, indicate function of organ systems, indicate adequacy of oxygenation and perfusion |
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What are the six things we measure in vital signs?
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-temperature
-pulse -respirations -blood pressure -pulse oximetry (SpO2) -Pain |
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When do we measure vital signs? |
-admission -routine per order -new symptom -change in condition -medication administration -evaluate intervention -peri-operative setting -critical care setting (continous) |
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What is the process of patient assessment? |
-verify ID -wash hands/follow isolation precautions -explain procedure -correlate VS to other assessments -Document findings -Plan nursing care |
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How is temperature regulated? |
-Hypothalamus -Heat conservation- vasoconstriction, shivering -Heat Loss- conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation -Pyrogens- change set point |
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What is the normal range of core temperature? |
-97 to 100.4 (oral)
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What temperature is considered a low grade fever? |
>99.5
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What can cause false temperature readings? |
Poor probe contact Equipment malfunction Eating, drinking, smoking |
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What are some factors that increases temperature? |
Fever, infection, heat stroke, CNS disease
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What are some factors that decreases temperature? |
Hypthermia Meds |
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What are the different ways temperature is taken? |
-oral: blue probe, sublingual pocket -Rectal: Red probe, +1, -Axillary: -1 degree -Tympanic (ear): point probe towards nose |
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What is the nursing process for dealing with Hypothermia? |
-Assessment: temp, mental status, cardiac, skin/tissue -Re-warming: Gradual, blankets, warmed fluids -Watch for complications: Arrhythmias, tissue damage |
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What is the process of dealing with hyperthermia? |
-Remove cause -institute cooling and hydration -monitor temp -Assess for complications: (neuro, CV, urine output)
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What is a fever and symptoms? |
Adaptive response to infection
-increased metabolic demands and fluid loss |
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What are interventions for dealing with fevers?
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-meds: (ASA, Tylenol, Ibuprofen)
-cooling blanket |
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What is a pulse? |
Heart rate |
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Where are pulses usually taken? |
radial or apical |
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When taking a pulse, what should be measured, how long, and what is considered normal? |
-Assess rate rhythm, strength,equality -15 seconds x 4 if regular -60 seconds if irregular (check apical if irregular)
Normal 60-100 |
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How is heart rate controlled? |
-brain stem -autonomic nervous system -beta receptors -vagal stimulation |
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What is Bradycardia? |
slow heart rate -less than 60 beats per minutes |
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What can cause bradycardia? |
medications, hypothermia, well trained athletes, cardiac conditions |
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What is the term that describes a heart rate greater than 100? |
Tachycardia |
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What can cause tachycardia? |
-shock -dehydration -bleeding -medications -hypoxia -exercise -anxiety -anemia -pain -cardiac condition -fever |
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What are respirations? |
the rise and fall of the chest |
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What is the proper way to assess respirations? |
with the pulse so the client doesn't alter breathing |
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what is assessed during respriations, what is the normal range?
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assess rate, rhythm, and depth
12-20 |
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What controls respirations?
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-Brain stem/chemo rececptors (co2, o2)
-Negative pleural pressure -diaphragm/intercostal muscles |
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What is the term that describes respirations are greater than 20? |
Tachypnea |
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What causes Tachypnea? |
fever, hypoxia, acidosis, anxiety, |
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What is bradypnea? |
When the respiration is less than 12 |
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What causes bradynpnea? |
medications or illicit drugs, CNS conditions |
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What is pulse oximetry? |
-estimates percent of hemoglobin bound with 02 |
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What is normal SPO2? |
greater or equal to 95% |
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What is considered a clinically significant pulse oximetry? |
-below 92% |
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What is SPO2 accuracy affected by? |
-circulation or temperature |
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What is blood pressure? |
the force against artery wall |
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What influences blood pressure? |
cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood volume |
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What is systolic? |
The top number during heart contraction is 1st sound heard. |
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What is diastolic? |
bottom number during heart relaxation where sound stops |
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What is a normal Systolic blood pressure? |
120 |
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What is normal diastolic blood pressure? |
80 |
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What are some factors that regulate blood pressure? |
-baroreceptors -brain stem -autonomic nervous system -alpha receptors -beta receptors -kidneys/ RAAS system |
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What are some ways to measure BP? |
Sphygnomanometer -auscultation -palpation -doppler
Electronic/Dinamap Invasive/Arteral line |
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When do you not take BP in an arm? |
Arms with Dialysis access PICC line mastectomy |
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What is hypotension? |
low blood pressure |
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What causes hypotension? |
Dehydration, medications, heart disease, anemia |
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What is the term when the BP drops greater than 10 mm hg when patient stands |
Orthostatic hypotensoin |
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What is hypertension? |
high blood pressure |
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What causes hypertension? |
essential hypertension, medications or drugs, stress, pain |
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What happens to the results when. . .
The cuff is too small Deflate too slow Deflate too fast Cuff to large |
The cuff is too small- false high reading Deflate too slow- false high reading Deflate too fast- false low reading Cuff to large- false low reading |
