Week 1 Day 1

Front 1

Endocrine and exocrine glands are derived from?

Back 1

embryonic epithelium

Front 2

Do endocrine or exocrine glands loose conncetion with epithelium of orgin?

Back 2

Endocrine glands

Front 3

What two ectoderm primordia derive the pituitary gland

Back 3

Oral extoderm (Rathke's Pouch) and Neural Ectoderm (Infundibulum)

Front 4

What week does Rathke's pouch lose its connection with the oral cavity

Back 4

Week 8

Front 5

Remnants of Rathke's pouch (pharyngeal hypophysis) may lead to?

Back 5

Carniopharyngioma

Front 6

Midline invagination of pharyngeal endoderm

Back 6

Thyroid orgins

Front 7

What week is the thyroid first visible?

Back 7

week 4

Front 8

Found anywhere along path of thyroid displacement, commonly at base of tongue

Back 8

Aberrant thyroid tissue

Front 9

Parathyroid gland forms from what pharyngeal pouches?

Back 9

3 and 4; superior pair originate from dorsal wing of 4th pouch and inferior pair form from dorsal wing of 3rd pouch

Front 10

What week are parathyroid glands recognizable

Back 10

week 5

Front 11

Thyroid follicular cells are derived from

Back 11

Thyroid diverticulum (endoderm)

Front 12

Parafollicular cells (C cells) are derived from

Back 12

Neural crest from ultimopharyngeal body
C-cells produce calcitonin which decrease serum Calcium

Front 13

The infundibulum of Rathke's pouch forms

Back 13

Pituitary stalk and posterior lobe

Front 14

The posterior wall of Rathke's pouch forms

Back 14

Pars intermedia

Front 15

Superior extension (of anterior lobe) of Rathke's Pouch forms; What week does this form

Back 15

Pars tuberalis; week 11

Front 16

Anterior wall of Rathke's pouch forms

Back 16

Anterior lobe, pars distalis

Front 17

Precursor of Pituitary Gland

Back 17

Ectoderm

Front 18

Precursor of thyroid gland

Back 18

Endoderm of pharynx, displaced ventrally (C cells from neural crest)

Front 19

Precursor of Parathyroid gland

Back 19

Endoderm of pharynx displaced ventrally

Front 20

Precursor of Adrenal Gland

Back 20

Mesoderm (Cortex) (the medulla is from neural crest)

Front 21

The fetal adrenal cortex is stimulated by

Back 21

HcG from the trophoblasts

Front 22

When does the definitive adrenal gland reach normal size?

Back 22

when the Child is 2

Front 23

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Back 23

enzyme (commonly 21-hydroxylase) needed to make cortisol and/or aldosterone is mutated so steroid pathway is shunted toward androgens --> enlarged adrenal cortex (due to incr ACTH), boys get early devo of secondary sex characteristics, girls get enlarged clitoris/ambiguous genitalia

Front 24

At what week is LH/FSH, GH present

Back 24

week 10

Front 25

What week is the Pouch connection with oral cavity lost?

Back 25

week 8

Front 26

At what week are the thyroid follicles visible?

Back 26

Week 10

Front 27

What week is thyroid hormone produced?

Back 27

week 12

Front 28

What week does the throglossal duct close?

Back 28

Week 11

Front 29

At what week does the adrenal cortex forn

Back 29

Week 4

Front 30

A cells

Back 30

Glucagon

Front 31

B cells

Back 31

Insulin

Front 32

D cells

Back 32

Somatostatin

Front 33

F cells

Back 33

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Front 34

Chief cells in parathyroid

Back 34

More abundant than oxyphil cells
Make PTH

Front 35

Follicular cells histology

Back 35

Simple cuboidal wall of colloid follicle

Front 36

Histology of thyroid with low TSH

Back 36

squamous epithelium, high colloid (colloid goiter)

Front 37

Histology of thyroid with High TSH

Back 37

Columnar epithelium, low colloid (parenchymatous goiter)

Front 38

Zona glomerulosa

Back 38

primary controlled by renin angiotensin
Secretes aldosterone

Front 39

Zona fascuculata

Back 39

Controlled by ACTH and CRH
Secretes cortisol and sex hormones

Front 40

Zona Retucularis

Back 40

Stains dark
Controlled by ACTH and CRH
Secretes Sex hormones

Front 41

Adrenal Medulla

Back 41

Controlled by Pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers
Secretes Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

Front 42

For group 1 hormones (aka steroids, iodothyronines)
List: solubility, transport, 1/2 life, receptor location, and mediator

Back 42

Lipophilic
Transport proteins
Long (hrs-days)
Intracellular receptor
Receptor-hormone complex

Front 43

For Group 2 hormones (polypeptides, proteins, catecholamines, glycoproteins)
List: solubility, transport, 1/2 life, receptor location, and mediator

Back 43

Hydrophilic
NO transport proteins
Short half life
Plasma membrane receptor
cAMP, cGMP. Ca++,kinase cascades

Front 44

List the parts of the pituitary

Back 44

From top to bottom:
Pars distalis (adenohypophysis) (more blood vessels)
Pars intermedia
Pars nervosa (neurohypophysis) (has pituicytes present)

Front 45

Back 45

Pancreatic islet (of Langerhans)

Front 46

Back 46

From left to right: medulla, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, capsule

Front 47

What part of the adrenal cortex?

Back 47

Zona fasciculata

Front 48

What part of the adrenal cortex?

Back 48

Zona Reticularis

Front 49

What part of the adrenal cortex?

Back 49

Zona Glomerulosa

Front 50

Name cells from left to right

Back 50

In parathyroid
Two Chief cells
Oxyphil cell

Front 51

In thryroid

Back 51

C-cell cluster
Pink centers are colloid that are surrounded by follicular cells

Front 52

follicular epithelium?
amount of colloid?
Treatment?

Back 52

Columnar (normal is cuboidal)
Low colloid
Treated with propylthiouracil (blocks thyroperoxisase activity)

Front 53

follicular epithelium?
amount of colloid?
Treatment?

Back 53

Squamous
High colloid
One month after pituitary removal (no TSH-->no T4 release from thyroid colloid)