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182 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
4chan

An English Language image-board website that has been linked to Internet subcultures and activism, like subverting unsuspecting users to alternative Internet destinations like Rickrolling, Chocolate Rain, and Pedobear.

Amazon.com

The largest Internet based retailer in the United States that was started as an online bookstore, but soon diversified into selling a wide range of merchandise, and is the world's largest provider of cloud computing services.

America Online (AOL)

One of the first companies to provide dial-up Internet access to customers in the United States, providing bundled software that included chatrooms, instant messaging, email and web search capabilities.

Android

The mobile operating system based on the Linux kernel that was developed by Google. As of 2015, this operating system was the largest installed base on all operating systems.

Apple

The American multinational technology company the is best know for selling consumer electronic, computer software, online services and personal computer. Among its product line are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone and the iPad table computer.

Apple II

This 8-bit home computer was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputers designed by Steve Wozniak, and introduced for sale in 1977.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

This was an early packet switcing network and the first network to implement the protocol of TCP/IP, and it was initially funded by an agency of the United States Department of Defense.

Arrested Development

An American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz, which originally aired on Fox for three seasons, before being its fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.

asynchronous conferencing

The term used in computer-mediated communication to describe technologies where there is a delay in interaction between contributor.

audience fragmentation

The description of how audience loyalty has been segmented and distributed by niche marketing and the growing number of entertainment and information choices.

Babel Fish

A free web-based multilingual translation application that was developed by AltaVista search engine.

bandwidth

In computing, it is the bit-rate of available or consumed information capacity expressed typically in metric multiples of bits per second.

binary data

Data whose unit can toe on only two possible states, traditionally termed 0 and +1 in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra.

blog

The term is a truncation of the expression weblog, which is a discussion or information site published on the WWW and consisting of discrete entries or "post," typically displayed in reverse chronological order.

blogger

A person who writes and maintains an online journal or diary.

Blogger.com

One of the original blog-publshing services that allowed multi-user blogs with time stamped entries. It was purchase by Google in 2003, and renamed Blogspot.

blogosphere

This term implies that blogs exist together as a connected community or as a social networking service in which everyday authors can publish their opinions.

bookmark

A URL that is stored by a user in a folder attached to a web browser or a web service for later retrieval.

broadband

In telecommunications, any of a number of systems capable of wide bandwidth of data transmission with an ability to simultaneously transform multiple signals and traffic types.

bulletin boards (BBS)

A computer server running custom software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, users can upload and download software and data, read news and bulletins, and exchange messages with other users through email, public message boards and sometimes via direct chatting.

button

Any graphical control element that provides the user a simple way to trigger an event, like searching for a query at a search engine, or to interact with dialog boxes, like confirming an action.

censorship

The suppression of speech, public communications or other information, which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities or other groups or institutions.

chat room

Used to describe any for of synchronous conferencing providing participants the ability converse with multiple people in the same conversation, usually sharing information via text with a group of other users

Chrome

The freeware web browser developed by Google, and is estimated in 2015 to have 55% of the worldwide share of web browser as desktop browsers and 31 % worldwide share for mobile devices and tablets.

CNN.com

The website of the Cable News Network, and is one of the most popular news websites worldwide.

contact List

A collection of screen names in a window or tab on an instant messaging or email program, or online game, or mobile phone.

crowdsourcing

A modern business term coined in 2005 as the process of obtaining services, ideas or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online community rather than traditional employees or suppliers.

cyber-attack

Any type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that target computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks, and/or personal computer devices by various means of malicious acts usually origination from an anonymous source that either steals, alters, or destroys a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system.

data corruption

Errors in computer data that occurs during writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing, which introduces unintended changes to the original data.

decentralization

The principle that there should be no central hub that controls information flow. Instead, information is transferred via protocols that allow any computer to communicate directly with any other computer.

Internet

A web of interconnected computers and all of the information publicly available on these computers.

protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules for two or more entities to communicate over a network.

demographics

The measurable characteristics of media consumers, such as age, gender, race, education, and income level, used to pinpoint potential audience growth and to spot underperformance.

dial-up modem

A device that connects any computer to the Internet via telephone lines.

Digg

A social new aggregator with a curated front page, that allowed people to vote web content up or down called digging or burying respectively.

digital divide

An economic and social inequality according to categories of persons in a given population in their access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies. May refer to inequalities of individuals, households, businesses or geographic areas, usually a different socioeconomic levels or other demographic categories.

global digital divide

The divide between differing countries or regions of the world, examining the technological gap between developing and developed countries on an international scale.

distributed cognition

An approach in cognitive science research that challenges the traditional view that intelligence is an attribute of individuals; this perspective holds that intelligence is distributed across “brain, body, and world”, looping through an extended technological and sociocultural environment, providing the ability to interact meaningfully with tools that expand our mental capacities

Distributed Denial-of- service (DDoS)

This attack occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system, usually on or more web servers. When a server is overloaded with connections, new connections can no longer be accepted.

domain name

The text version of a computer's numeric IP address.

Dot-com Boom

The historic speculative bubble covering roughly 1997–2000 during which stock markets in industrialized nations saw their equity value rise rapidly from growth in the Internet sector and related fields. The climax was on March 10, 2000, with the NASDAQ peaking at 5,132.52 in intraday trading before closing at 5,048.62.

email

A method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients over the Internet or other computer networks.

eBay

An American multinational company that provides consumer to consumer and business to consumer e-commerce of consumer goods through online auctions and shopping.

Facebook

An online social networking service that was launched on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, originally as a portal for Harvard students.

file transfer protocol

A standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.

Firefox

A free and open source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation,

Flickr

An image and video hosting website, acquired by Yahoo in 2005 that allows users to share and embed personal photographs.

forums

An asynchronous online discussion site where people can hold conversation the the form of posted messages

thread

A single conversation in a forum.

freemium

A pricing strategy by which a product or service is provided free of charge, but money is charged for proprietary features, functionality, or virtual goods.

friends

A person who users put on a list of followers on a social networking site, thus allowing that person certain privileges like viewing and posting to one's "wall."

Friendster

One of the original social networking services, based out of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

GeoCities

A web hosting service that was founded in 1994 by David Bohnett, where users could select interest groups named after real cities and regions according to their content.

globalization

The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture including communications media.

Gmail

A free, advertising-supported email service provided by Google.

Google

An American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-based services and products, including online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, and software.

Google AdSense

A program run by Google that allows publishers in the Google Network of content sites to serve automatic text, image, video or interactive media advertisements that are targeted to site content and audiences.

Google Buzz

A social networking, microblogging and messaging tool that was developed by Google and integrated into their web-based email program, Gmail.

Google Docs

The word processor in a free web-based software office suite offered by Google in its Google Drive services

Google Maps

A desktop mapping service developed by Google that offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360 degree panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle, or public transportation.

Google News

A free news aggregator provided and operated by Google, selecting up-to-date news from thousands of publications.

Google Translate

A multilingual service provided by Google to translate text, speech, images, ore real-time video from one language into another.

Google Trends

A public web facility of Google, Inc., based on Google Search, that shows how often a particular search-term is entered relative to the total search-volume across various regions of the world, and in various languages.

Google Plus

An Internet-based social network that is owned and operated by Google.

googling

Using the Google search engine (or any search engine) to obtain information on something or somebody on the World Wide Web.

hard drive

A data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disc coated with magnetic material.

hardware

The collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system, which can include the monitor, the mouse, the keyboard, the computer data storage, hard disk drive, and system units such as graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboards, memory and chips.

host

A computer or other device connected to a computer network that may offer information resources, services and applications to users or other nodes on the network.

Hotmail

One of the world's first web-based email services run by Microsoft.

Hulu

An American online company and ad-supported streaming service that offers a selection of TV shows, clips, movies and more. It is a joint venture of NBC Universal Television Group, Fox Broadcasting Company and Disney-ABC Television Group.

hyperlink

A word, phrase or image that is a reference to data that the reader can directy follow either by clicking or by hovering. It connects webpages by pointing to a whole document or to specific elements within a document.

hypertext

Text displayed on a computer display or other electronic device with references to other text which the reader can immediately access.

hypertext markup language (HTML)

The standard markup language used to create web pages.

hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

The communication rule or standard for transmitting webpages over the Internet.

icon

A type of graphical user interface, where a pictogram is displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system or mobile device.

instant messaging

The exchange of one-on-one real-time messages in a chat window.

Internet

A worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks.

Internet access

This connects individual computer terminals, computers, mobile devices, and computer networks to the Internet, enabling users to acquire Internet services, such as email and the World Wide Web.

Internet Archive

A San Francisco-based non-profit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access of all knowledge" by providing free public access to collections of digitized material, including websites, software applications, games, music, movies, videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

Internet Explorer

The graphical web browser developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)
A business that has a permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet connection to individuals and companies using one or more methods.

Internet Protocol Address

The numeric address for a computer connected to the Internet.

iPhone

A line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple, Inc that run on the Apple iOS mobile operating system.

Linkedin

A business-oriented social networking service, mainly used for professional networking. It was recently acquired by Microsoft.

LiveJournal

A social networking service based on San Francisco where Internet users can keep a blog, journal or diary. It was started by American programmer Brad Fitzpatrick as a way of keeping his high school friends updated on his activities.

LOLcats

An image macro of one or more cats and text that is often idiosyncratic and grammatically incorrect.

Mac OS X

A series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems developed and marketed by Apple, Inc.

mainstream media

Mass media that is reflective of prevailing currents of thought, influence, or activity.

mashups

These combine multiple per-existing video, music or other sources with no discernible relation with each other into a unified piece.

media monglomerates

A company that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet. These strive for policies that facilitate their control of markets around the world.

Meetup

An online social networking portal that facilitates offline group meetings in various localities around the world.

Megabyte

One million bytes of information.

meme

An idea, behavior or style that spreads from person to person within culture. On the Internet, these can be spread rapidly through Internet-based emailing, blogs, forums, image boards, social networking sites, instant messaging and video hosting services.

metatextuality

A form of intertextual (or transtextual, according to Gerald Genette) discourse in which one text makes critical comments on another text.

microblogging

A broadcast media that exist in the form of blogging, where the content is smaller in both actual and aggregated size.

Microsoft

The American multinational technology company best know for its software products, including the Windows operating system, the most popular office suite, and Internet Explorer web browser.

microtargeting

A form of direct marketing data-mining techniques used by political parties and election campaigns to track individual voters and identify potential supporters. This relies on transmitting a tailored message to a subgroup of the electorate.

massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs)

A genre blend of roleplaying video games and massive multiplayer online games, potentially in the form of web browser-based games, in which a very large number of players interact with one another within a world.

mobile device

A small computing device, typically small enough to be handheld, having a display screen with touch input and/or miniature keyboard, and weighing less than 2 pounds.

Mosaic

One of the earliest graphical web browsers that was credited with popularizing the World Wide Web.

Mozilla

A free-software community created in 1998 by Netscape. It produces many products, including Firefox web browsers, Thunderbird email client, Firefox Mobile web browsers, Firefox OS mobile operating system and Bugzilla bug tracking system.

MSN

A web portal and related collection of Internet services and apps for Windows and mobile devices, provided by Microsoft

MySpace

A social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. It was one of the most popular social network site till 2008, when it was surpassed by Facebook.

narrative

Any report of connected events, actual or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, or still or moving images.

net neutrality

The principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet the same, not discriminating or charging deferentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication.

Netflix

An American multinational entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph; it specializes and provides streaming media and video on demand both online and physically, and recently a film and television producer, as well as online distributor.

Netscape

The general name for a series of web browsers originally produced by Netscape Communications Corporation. The original browser was once the dominant browser in terms of usage share, but as a result of the first browser war, it lost virtually all of its share to Internet Explorer.

networking

A socioeconomic business activity by which business people and entrepreneurs meet to form business relationships and to recognize, create, or act upon business opportunities, share information and seek potential partners for ventures.

news aggregator
Client software or a web application which aggregates syndicated web content such as online newspapers, blogs, podcasts, and video blogs (vlogs) in one location for easy viewing.

news agency

An organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. It may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service.

node

Either a connection point, a redistribution point, or a communication endpoint (e.g. data terminal equipment); an active electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a communications channel.

noise

In electronics, a random fluctuation in an electrical signal, a characteristic of all electronic circuits.

notepad

A simple text editor for Microsoft Windows and a basic text-editing program which enables computer users to create documents. It has been included in all versions of Microsoft Windows since Windows 1.0 in 1985.

offline

In regard to computer technology and telecommunications, this indicates a disconnected state.

online

In regard to computer technology and telecommunications, this indicates a state of connectivity.

online advertising

A form of marketing which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers; it includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising.

online persona

A social identity that an Internet user establishes in online communities and websites, considered an actively constructed presentation of oneself.

outsourcing

In business, the contracting out of a business process to another part.

packet switching

A digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data into suitably sized blocks, which are transmitted via a medium that may be shared by multiple simultaneous communication sessions.

photosharing

Websites that facilitate the uploading, hosting managing and sharing of a user's digital photos online.

platforms

Categories or types of media content that can be consumed by audiences, including films, episodic shows (tv, web series), games, literature (comic, graphic novels, books), and social media (facebook, twitter)

Politico

An American political-journalism organization that covers politics and policy in the United States and internationally, distributing content via television, the Internet, its own newspaper, and radio.

pornographic

The portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal.

privacy

The right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via the Internet.

privacy policy

A statement or a legal document (in privacy law) that discloses some or all of the ways a party gathers, uses, discloses, and manages a customer or client's data.

propaganda

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively (perhaps lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or using loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information presented.

convergence

The interlinking of computing and other information technologies, media content, and communication networks that have arisen as the result of the evolution and popularization of the Internet as well as the activities, products and services that have emerged in the digital media space.

protocol

A technical standard or rule for transmitting data

distributed network

A web of computers connected to one another, allowing inter-computer communication.

Q-Link

A U.S. and Canadian online service for Commodore 64 and 128 personal computers that operated from 1985 to 1995 that in 1991 changed its name to America Online.

relevance

The concept of one topic being connected to another topic in a way that makes it useful to consider the first topic when considering the second.

remix

A piece of media, like a song, piece of artwork, book, video, or photograph, which has been altered from its original state by adding, removing, and/or changing pieces of the item, creating something new.

Rickrolling

An Internet meme involving a type of bait and switch using a disguised hyperlink to direct unsuspecting users who were accessing some unrelated material to an appearance of the music video for the 1987 Rick Astley song "Never Gonna Give You Up".

Safari

A web browser developed by Apple that is the default browser on Apple devices.
search engine
A web-based search tool that locates a webpage using a word or phrase found in the page.

server

A computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices

Skype

A telecommunications software application that provides video chat and voice call services from computers, tablets and mobile devices via the Internet to other devices and telephones/smartphones. This software allows users to exchange digital documents, such as images, text, video and audio, and may transmit both text and video messages.

SNDMSG

An early electronic mail program, notable because it was used to send what is considered the first networked email.

social capital

In sociology, the expected collective or economic benefit derived from the preferential treatment and cooperation between individuals and groups, that social networks have value.

social media

Computer-mediated tools that allow people to create, share or exchange information, ideas, and pictures/video in virtual communities and networks.

social network

A social structure made of a set of social actors, such as individuals

social networking site

A platform used to build social networks or social relations among people who share similar interest, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.

software

Any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.

spin-off

A radio program, television program, video game, film, or any narrative work, derived from one or more already existing works that focuses, in particular, in more detail on one aspect of that original work (e.g. a particular topic, character, or event.

spoof

A type of parody in which an original work is made fun of by creating a similar but altered work.

synchronous conferencing

The formal term used in computing, in particular in computer-mediated communication, collaboration and learning, to describe technologies informally known as online chat. It is sometimes extended to include audio/video conferencing or instant messaging systems that provide a text-based multi-user chat function.

target audience

The intended audience or readership for a publication, advertisement, or other message. More specifically, it is the specific group of people within a given market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed.

text editor

A type of program used for editing plain text files.

TextEdit

A simple, word processor and text editor that is now distributed by Apple Inc in its OS X operating system.

The Cloud

A kind of Internet-based computing that provides shared processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. A model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services), which can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort.

third-party developers

An individual or organization that creates a reusable software component developed to be either freely distributed or sold by an entity other than the original vendor of the development platform.

transmedia storytelling

The technique of telling a single story or story experience across multiple platforms and formats using current digital technologies, not to be confused with traditional cross-platform media franchises, sequels, or adaptations.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A core protocol of the Internet protocol suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP).

tweet

140 character messages that are publicly visible by default on Twitter, but senders can restrict message delivery just to their followers.

Twitter

An online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets".

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A unique address for a webpage consisting of a domain name, top level domain designation, and often a path to a specific page.

Usenets

A worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers that resembles a bulletin board system (BBS) in many respects and is the precursor to Internet forums that are widely used today. Users read and post messages (called articles or posts, and collectively termed news) to one or more categories, known as newsgroups.

user profile

A visual display of personal data associated with a specific user, or a customized desktop environment.

user-generated content (UGC)
Any form of content such as blogs, wikis, discussion forums, posts, chats, tweets, podcasts, digital images, video, audio files, advertisements and other forms of media that was created by users of an online system or service, often made available via social media websites.

viral marketing

Refers to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social network services and other technologies to try to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives such as product sales, through self replicating viral process.

viral video

A video that becomes popular through a vira process of Internet sharing, typically through video sharing, websites, social media and email.

virtual community

A social network of individuals who interact through specific social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue mutual interests or goals.

virus

A malware that, when executed, replicates by reproducing itself or infecting other programs by modifying them.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

walls

The original profile space where displayed user's content until December 2011

Web 1.0

A retronym referring to the first stage of the World Wide Web's evolution, where personal webpages were common, consisting mainly of static pages hosted on ISP-run web servers, or free web hosting services such as Geocities.

Web 2.0

The term used to describe World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability and interoperability. It does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative changes in the way pages are made and used.

web browser
A software program that request, downloads, and displays webpages.

web page

A web document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and the web browser. The term also refers to a computer file, usually written in HTML or comparable markup language.

website

A set of related web pages, typically served from a single web domain.

wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
A mobile wireless technology that provides connectivity within a specific range.

wiki

A web application that allows collaborative modification, extension or deletion of its web content.

Wikipedia

A free-access, free-content Internet encyclopedia, which constitutes the Internet's largest and most popular general reference work.

Windows

A metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed and sold by Microsoft.

word-of-mouth

This involves the passing of information between a non-commercial communicator and a receiver concerning a brand, a product or a service.

Wordpress

A free and open source content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL. It generates both webpages and blogs, and is the most popular blogging system in the world.

Wordpress.com

A blog web hosting service provide that is powered by the open source Wordpress software, providing free blog hosting for registered users.

World of Warcraft

A massive multiplayer online role-playing game created in 2004 by Blizzard Entertainment.

World Wide Web (web)
A subset of the Internet consisting of Internet-connected computers called web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called webpages.

Yahoo!

An American multinational technology company that is globally known for its Web portal, search engine and relates services including mail, news, financial services, and discussion groups.

Yahoo! Mail

A free email service offered by the American company Yahoo! It was the third largest web based email servers in December 2011.

YouTube

A video sharing website that was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005, but is not operated by Google.