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12 Cards in this Set
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Sediments: Weathering: |
- consist of loose fragments of rocks or minerals broken off bedrock, mineral crystals that precipitate directly out of water and shells or fragments -refers to combination of process that break up and corrode solid rock eventually transforming into sediment |
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-Physical weathering -joints -Exfoliaton & vertical joints |
-mechanical weathering breaks intact rock into debris,does not change the chemistry of the rock. -release of pressure & temp causes rock to change shape and to cool, causing fractures. -release of pressure layers the surface like layers of an onion |
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-Frost wedging -Root edging -Salt wedging -Theramal expansion -Animal attack -Wind |
-water gets in joints, freezes pressure expands gaps -growing roots force joints apart (roots can break sidewalks -similar to ice wedging but salt growth is why causes the pressure -repeated heating and cooling -burrows, human activities -Sandblasting |
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Wind erosion- |
ventifact ridge is a fault that jumps out in the valley. |
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Chemial weathering: Dissolution Hydrolysis Oxidation Hydration |
-minerals dissolving in water primarily effects salts and carbonates but quartz can partially dissolve -water chemically reacts with minerals and breaks them down -rusting of iron bearing minerals -minerals absorb water can certain ones expand breaking down the rock |
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Physical and chemical weathering can work together. |
Phy works together -weathering attacks more vigorously on corners and edges thats why rocks tend to be more rounded |
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Sawtooth weathering |
Where mountains weather into sharp edges almost teeth like |
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Soil |
consist of rock or sediment that has been modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater, over time, to produce a substrate that can support the growth of our plants. |
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Three process of building soil *on test* |
1. chemical and physical weathering 2. rainwater through sediments and carries dissolved ions and clay downward. -zone of leaching- where ions 7 CLAY DISSOLVED AND CARIED DOWNWARD. -zone of accumulation- where ions precipitate as new minerals and clay is deposited 3. microbes, fungi, pants and animals interact with sediment. |
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soil horizons |
soil forming process operate at different depths, soils, typically distinct zones or horizons. -arrange vertical sequence called soil profile |
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properties of soil |
-arranged in vertical sequence this called a soil profile. -highest horizon O=organic -A-horizon= lots of organic & minerals, zone of leaching -E-horizon= no orgainics, zone of leaching -C-horizon= weathered bedrock |
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Factors controlling soil |
climate -substrate composition( different bedrock has different chemical composition) -Slope steepness (thick soils form on flat surfaces, steep slopes can't accumulate soil) -wetness -time -vegetation type |
