Water On The Land

Front 1

What is the:

Source

Watershed

Tributary

Mouth

Confluence

Back 1

Source= Where the river starts

Watershed= Boundary of a drainage basin

Tributary= Stream or small river that flows into a bigger one

Mouth= End of river

Confluence= A small river joins a larger one

Front 2

Drainage Basin/ Hydrological Cycle

Back 2

Front 3

Types of Erosion

Back 3

Abrasion (Corrasion)- Rubbing

Attrition- Smashing

Solution (Corrosion)- Dissolving

Hydraulic Action- Pressure/Force

Front 4

Transport Processes

Back 4

Traction- Rolling

Saltation- Bouncing

Suspension- Light material carried

Solution- Dissolved material

Front 5

Concept of Deposition

Back 5

When a river loses its energy to carry material it deposits its load. Heaviest material is put down first and the lightest last.

Front 6

Key Terms:

Gradient

Velocity

Discharge

Channel Shape

Valley Shape

Back 6

Gradient= Slope/angle of river

Velocity= Speed of which the river flows

Discharge= Volume of water passing a particular point in a given time (cumecs)

Channel Shape= The bit the river actually occupies

Valley shape= The whole valley, not just the river

Front 7

The Long Profile of a River

Back 7

Front 8

Formation of a Waterfall

Back 8

Front 9

V Shaped Valley and Interlocking Spurs

Back 9

Steep sided valleys from vertical erosion. River has to go around hard rock and the vertical in the upper course creates a V-shaped valley.

Front 10

Meanders

Back 10

Front 11

Ox-Bow Lakes

Back 11

Front 12

Levees

Back 12

In the lower course of the river some meanders form levees. Levees are high banks of silt along the banks of a river. Gradually, the river bed increases until its higher than the land around. After repeated floods the height of the levee increases. Levees are formed by deposition. It deposits the heaviest material first.

Front 13

Floodplain

Back 13

The floodplain is very fertile for crops because when the river floods it leaves behind a silt called alluvium. Many thousands of years ago the sea level was higher. This meant that the rivers didn't have to cut down so far to reach the sea. Due to the sea level dropping and the river having to cut down further it has left terraces in the floodplain.

Front 14

Estuaries

Back 14

Wide, deep mouth. These are very useful for shipping, so they usually have ports and factories along them.

Front 15

Deltas

Back 15

Front 16

Volume

Back 16

Amount of water in the river system. Use a cross section of the river, measure in square meters.

Front 17

Flood Hydro-graphs

Back 17

There is less lag time in urban areas as there are more impermeable surfaces such as brick and glass.

Front 18

High Drainage Density

Back 18