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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Relief |
Height and slope of the land |
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Discharge |
The volume of water passing a given point in a river at any moment in time |
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Drainage basin |
Area from which a river gets its water. The boundary is marked by an imaginary line of Highland known as a watershed |
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Flood/storm hydrograph |
A line graph drawn to show the discharge in a river in the aftermath of a period of rain |
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Gorge |
A narrow steep-sided valley |
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Porous |
Rock that allows water to soak into it via spaces between particles |
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Pervious |
Rock that allows water to pass through it via vertical joints and horizontal bedding planes |
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Soil erosion |
The removal of the layer of soil above the rock where plants grow |
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Case study for flooding in an MEDC |
Cockermouth, 2009 |
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Case study for flooding in an LEDC |
Bangladesh, 2004 |
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Hard engineering |
Building artificial structures aimed at controlling natural processes |
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dam |
an artificial structure designed to hold back water to create a reservoir |
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reeservoir |
commonly an artificial lake formed behind a dam and used for water supply |
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straightening meanders |
making the river follow a more direct course rather than its natural course so that it leaves the area faster |
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case study for hard engineering to prevent flooding |
The Three Gorges Dam, China |
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soft engineering |
works with the natural processes of a river to reduce the risk of flooding |
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floodplain zoning |
controlling what is built on the floodplain so that areas that are at risk of flooding have low value land uses |
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water stress |
the happens where there's not enough water available, this may be because of an inadequate supply at a particular time or it may relate to water quality |
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areas of water deficit |
areas where the rain that falls does not provide enough water and there may be shortages |
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areas of water surplus |
areas that have more water than is needed, often such areas receive a high rainfall but have a relatively low population |
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Why does deposition occur? |
when there is a fall in speed of the water or the amount of water is less |
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factors affecting discharge |
amount and type of rainfall temperature previous weather conditions relief rock type land use |
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Physical factors causes of flooding |
prolonged rain heavy rain snow melt steep relief |
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Human factors causing flooding |
deforestation building construction |
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hard engineering strategies |
dams reservoirs straitening |
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soft engineering strategies |
flood warnings preparation flood plain zoning do nothing |
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ways to conserve water |
water efficient houses rainwater collected bath water recycled to flush toilets more people take showers than baths toilets that use less water |
