Volcano, Earthquakes & Plate Tectonics

Front 1

asthenosphere

Back 1

the plasticlike layer below the lithosphere in the Earth's mantle

Front 2

divergent

Back 2

moving AWAY from each other

Front 3

seismic wave

Back 3

the energy waves that move OUTward from the earthquake focus (center) and make the ground "quake"

Front 4

lithosphere

Back 4

the rigid, outer layer of Earth; it includes the crust and part of the mantle

Front 5

plate tectonics

Back 5

theory that the Earth's lithosphere are broken into sections, called plates, that slowly move around on the mantle

Front 6

seafloor spreading

Back 6

theory that magma from the Earth's mantle rises to the surface at mid-ocean ridges and cools to form new seafloor

Front 7

plates

Back 7

a section of Earth's lithosphere that moves around on the mantle

Front 8

shield volcano

Back 8

a broad (wide) volcano with gently sloping sides built by quiet eruptions of fluid basaltic lava which spreads out in flat layers

Front 9

fault

Back 9

surfaces along which rocks break and move

Front 10

focus

Back 10

the point in the Earth's interior where earthquake energy is released

Front 11

Pangea

Back 11

the belief that the continents were all connected at one time in a single, large land mass (p. 297)

Front 12

composite volcano

Back 12

made of silica-rich lava and tephra layers that have collected into alternating patterns of silica then tephra then silica then tephra, etc

Front 13

convergent

Back 13

moving TOWARD each other

Front 14

strike-slip

Back 14

a break in rocks due to shearing forces, where rocks on either side of the fault move past each other without much upward or downward movement