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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
stress
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a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
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tension
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stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
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compression
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stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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shearing
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stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
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earthquake
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the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
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focus
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the area beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake
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epicenter
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the point on the surface directly above the focus
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seismic waves
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vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
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Primary Waves (P Waves)
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seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordian
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Secondary Waves (S waves)
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seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down
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Surface Waves
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seismic waves that move more slowly but can produce sever ground movements
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volcano
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a weak spot in the crust where molten material, magma comes to the surface
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magma
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a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
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lava
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magma that has reached Earth's surface
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Ring of Fire
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a major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
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hot spot
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an area where material from deep within the mantle rises and then melts, forming magma
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