Voice 4

Front 1

What is perceived as the quality, timbre, richness, fullness, and loudness of the voice is largely produced by the _____________ resonators.

Back 1

supraglottal

Front 2

Resonance _________ sound.

Back 2

molds

Front 3

The configuration of the supraglottal ________ ________ is always changing.

Back 3

vocal tract

Front 4

By action of the pharyngeal _______________ and _____________ muscles, the overall dimensions of the pharynx are always changing.

Back 4

constrictors, supraglottic

Front 5

The ________ ________ is very important for resonation and is capable of the most size and shape _________.

Back 5

oral cavity, variations

Front 6

The __________ is the most mobile articulator.

Back 6

tongue

Front 7

The __________ and ___________ of the __________ and some _____________ wall movements are vital for achieving ___________ closure.

Back 7

elevation and tensing, velum, pharyngeal wall, VP

Front 8

______ incompetence can cause __________ problems.

Back 8

VP, nasality

Front 9

Most voice disorders seen by SLPs have no _________ or __________ cause.

Back 9

organic, neurological

Front 10

Although the mechanisms of respiration, phonation, and resonance appear physically capable of normal voicing, they lack the proper ____________ balance. This results in a ____________ voice disorder.

Back 10

functional, functional voice disorder

Front 11

2 common causes of functional voice disorders:

Back 11

excessive muscle tension

psychogenic origin

Front 12

________ _________ ________ is a persistent dysphonia that results from excessive laryngeal and related musculoskeletal tension and associated hyperfunctional true and false vocal fold vibratory patterns.

Back 12

muscle tension dysphonia (MTD)

Front 13

In patients with MTD, the ___________ is often ____________ in the neck due to increased _____________ laryngeal muscle tension, and pain is often reported in the neck, jaw, and shoulders.

Back 13

larynx, elevated, extrinsic

Front 14

MTD can be classified as ________ or ___________ based on whether or not __________ pathological conditions contribute to muscle tension.

Back 14

primary or secondary, organic

Front 15

_________ MTDs - occur in the absence of current organic pathology, without obvious psychogenic or neurologic etiology.

Back 15

primary

Front 16

__________ MTDs make up __% of the dysphonias seen in voice clinics

Back 16

primary, 40%

Front 17

____________ MTDs occur in the presence of current or recent organic pathology, or psychogenic or neurologic etiology.

Back 17

secondary

Front 18

Features of ____ can include strained voice quality, aberrant pitch, breathiness, and vocal fatigue.

Back 18

MTD

Front 19

Deviant body posture, misuse of neck/shoulder muscles, high stress levels, excessive voice use, and frequent emotional stress are signs of ______.

Back 19

MTDs

Front 20

The key difference between MTDs and other forms of dysphonia is the consistency of laryngeal __________ across and within each of the examination tasks. Those with MTD maintain _____________ (too much closure) of the laryngeal structures.

Back 20

postures, hyperadduction

Front 21

__________ __________ refers to the pathological interference of the _______ ________ ________ during phonation.

Back 21

Ventricular dysphonia, false vocal folds

Front 22

_________ _________ is most commonly associated with severe __________ tension.

Back 22

ventricular dysphonia, muscular

Front 23

Ventricular phonation may be __________, a reaction to true vocal fold disease, or ___________.

Back 23

compensatory, noncompensatory

Front 24

___________ types of ventricular phonation may be habitual, psycho-emotional, or idiopathic.

Back 24

Noncompensatory

Front 25

__________ ventricular dysphonia is caused by excessive vocal use, _________ ________ is provoked by physical and psychogenic tension, __________ has no known origin.

Back 25

habitual, psycho-emotional, idiopathic

Front 26

The ventricular voice is usually ______-pitched because of the large mass of vibrating _________, has little _______ variability, and is usually _______ or ________.

Back 26

low, tissue, pitch, hoarse, breathy

Front 27

Ventricular __________ is impossible to diagnose by sound of voice alone, laryngoscopic exam is required.

Back 27

phonation

Front 28

________ ________ _______ are benign pathologies resulting from ______.

Back 28

vocal fold nodules, MTDs.

Front 29

__________ are caused by continuous abuse of the larynx and misuse of the voice. They are also the most common type of benign _________ of the vocal folds in adults and children.

Back 29

nodules, lesions

Front 30

________ are usually ____________ and start out _____ and pliable. With continuous phonotrauma, the _______ becomes more fibrotic and may be slightly ________, or it could become more focused, ________, and ________.

Back 30

Nodules, bilateral, soft, nodule, larger, smaller, harder

Front 31

As the bilateral nodules approximate during phonation, there is an open ________ _______ that results in an hourglass figure.

Back 31

glottal chink

Front 32

The glottal chink results in a lack of a complete vocal fold __________ which causes breathiness that gets worse as size of nodule ________.

Back 32

adduction, increases

Front 33

Patients with _________ claim they feel the need to constantly clear their throat.

Back 33

nodules

Front 34

Vocal nodules in children before puberty are most common in _______. For adolescents and adults, they are more common in _____.

Back 34

boys, girls

Front 35

Nodules can be treated with _______ therapy or _______.

Back 35

therapy, surgery

Front 36

A __________ __________ _________ is a focal abnormality, usually at the same side where nodules occur, but ________ within the tissue.

Back 36

vocal fold polyp, deeper

Front 37

__________ are usually _________ and occur after a ________ vocal event like screaming at a ball game.

Back 37

polyps, unilateral, single

Front 38

_________ may be reddish/white, large or small, and sessile (broad-based) or pedunculated (narrow necked on a stem)

Back 38

polyps

Front 39

Polyps can be treated with minor ________ and approx. _____ of patients with polyps may be successfully treated with _______ therapy but it could take months. ________ with small polyps benefit most from voice therapy alone.

Back 39

surgery, half, voice, females