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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stress
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a force that acts on arock to change its shape or volume
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tension
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stress that stretches rock so then it becomes thinner in the middle
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compression
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stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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shearing
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stress that pushes masses of rock in oppisite directions, in a sideways movement
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normal fault
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a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust
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reverse fault
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a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
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strike-flip fault
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a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with a little up-or-down motion
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plateau
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a landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface
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earthquake
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the shaking that results from movement of rocks beneath the Earth's surface
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focus
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the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes earthquake
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epicenter
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the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
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P-wave
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a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands teh ground.
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S-wave
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a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and dwon or side to side.
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surface waves
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a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface
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seismograph
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a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth.
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Richter scale
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scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake.
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liquefaction
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the process by which an earthquakes violent movement suddenly turn loose soil into liquid mud.
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tsunami
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a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.
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gap hypothesis
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states that sections of active faults that have had relatively few earthquakes are likely to be sites of strong earthquakes in the future.
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seismic gap
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an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred.
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anticline
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upward fold.
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syncline
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downward fold.
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