Earth Science Vocabulary Chapter 5

Front 1

Anticline

Back 1

upcurved fold in rock layers in which the oldest layer is the center of the fold

Front 2

compression

Back 2

stress that squeezes crustal rocks together

Front 3

deformation

Back 3

bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth's crust

Front 4

dome mountain

Back 4

landform created when molten rock pushes up rock layers on the Earth's surface and the layers then are worn away in places, leaving separate high peaks

Front 5

fault

Back 5

break in rock along which rocks on either side of the break move

Front 6

fault plane

Back 6

surface of a fault along which movement of rocks occurs

Front 7

fault-block mountain

Back 7

mountain formed where faulting breaks the Earth's crust into large blocks that become tilted, causing some blocks to drop down relative to other blocks

Front 8

folded mountain

Back 8

landform created when tectonic movements bend and uplift rock layers

Front 9

folding

Back 9

permanent deformation or bending of a rock under stress

Front 10

footwall

Back 10

in a nonvertical fault, the rock below the fault plane

Front 11

fracture

Back 11

break in rock along which there is no movement

Front 12

graben

Back 12

long, narrow valley formed by faulting and downward slippage of a crustal block

Front 13

hanging wall

Back 13

in a nonvertical fault, the rock above the fault plane

Front 14

isostacy

Back 14

balancing of the forces pressing up and down on the Earth's crust

Front 15

isostatic adjustment

Back 15

up-and-down movements of the Earth's crust to reach isostasy

Front 16

monocline

Back 16

a fold in rock layers in which both limbs remain horizontal

Front 17

mountain belt

Back 17

group of large mountain systems

Front 18

mountain range

Back 18

group of adjacent mountains with the same general shape and structure

Front 19

mountain system

Back 19

group of adjacent mountain ranges

Front 20

normal fault

Back 20

fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

Front 21

plateau

Back 21

large area of flat-topped rocks high above sea level

Front 22

reverse fault

Back 22

fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

Front 23

shearing

Back 23

stress that pushes rocks in opposite horizontal direction

Front 24

stress

Back 24

the amount of force per unit area that is placed on a given material

Front 25

strike-slip fault

Back 25

fault in which the rock on either side of a fault plane slides horizontally

Front 26

syncline

Back 26

downcurved fold in rock layers in which the youngest layer is in the center

Front 27

tension

Back 27

stress that pulls rocks apart

Front 28

thrust fault

Back 28

type of reverse fault in which the fault plane is nearly horizontal rather than vertical

Front 29

volcanic mountain

Back 29

mountain formed when molten rock erupts onto the Earth's surface