Vocab For Anthropology Test #1

Front 1

Adenine

Back 1

Nucleotide base unit of DNA that bonds with Thymine

Front 2

Thymine

Back 2

Nucleotide base that bonds with Adenine

Front 3

Cytosine

Back 3

Nucleotide base that bonds with Guanine

Front 4

Guanine

Back 4

Nucleotide base thats bonds with Cytosine

Front 5

Gene Drift

Back 5

Random changes in the frequency of alleles over time within a population due to chance

Front 6

Gene Drift

Back 6

Random change in the frequency of alleles in an population due to chance

Front 7

Nucleus

Back 7

Part of the cell in which the genetic material (chromosome) is separated from the rest of the cell by a plasma membrane

Front 8

Heterozygote

Back 8

possessing two different forms (alleles) of a particular gene on a pair of homologous chromosomes

Front 9

Somatic Cells

Back 9

Non sex cells

Front 10

Dominant Alleles

Back 10

An allele that only needs to be present on only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes to be expressed

Front 11

Sex Cells

Back 11

A gemete. Sperm in males and eggs in females.

Front 12

Gametes

Back 12

Sex cells: Sperm in males and eggs in females

Front 13

Homozygote

Back 13

Having the same allele at the loci for a gene on both members of a pair of homologous chromosome

Front 14

Locus/Loci

Back 14

The location of a gene on a chromosome

Front 15

Species

Back 15

Can scientifically be argued to be a naturally interbreeding population capable of producing viable offspring

Front 16

Gene Flow

Back 16

Change in the frequency of alleles in a population due to migration or exchange of alleles between a population

Front 17

Karyotype

Back 17

The complete chromosomal complement of an individual. Photo of chromosomes

Front 18

Darwin

Back 18

Discovered the idea of natural selection

Front 19

Natural Selection

Back 19

Change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time

Front 20

Differential Mortality

Back 20

How unsuccessful one is at reproducing, passing on alleles, because of certain characteristics

Front 21

Differential Fertility

Back 21

The range of how fertile/more successful an individual is at reproducing in comparison to others because of certain characteristics (age of reproduction, anatomical proportions, ability to find a better mate)

Front 22

Genes

Back 22

Fundamental unit of heredity.
Small sections of a chromosome which serve as a blueprint- "recipe" for the production of a protein, and occupies a specific chromosomal locus

Front 23

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 23

Members of the same pair of chromosomes.

Front 24

Alleles

Back 24

Alternative versions of a gene. Are distinguished from one another by their differing effects on the phenotypic expression of the same gene

Front 25

Mitosis

Back 25

Somatic cell division in which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Front 26

Meiosis

Back 26

Cell division that occurs in the testes and ovaries that leads to the formation of sperm and egg

Front 27

Crossing-Over

Back 27

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; mechanism for genetic recombination

Front 28

Mutation

Back 28

An alteration in the DNA, which may or may not alter the function of a cell.

Front 29

Nucleotides

Back 29

Molecular building block of DNA; consists of a phosphate, sugar, and base

Front 30

Recessive allele

Back 30

An allele that must be present on both homologous chromosomes in order to be expressed

Front 31

DNA

Back 31

A double stranded molecule that is the carrier of genetic information. Each strand is composed of a linear sequences of nucelotides, the two strands are held together b y hydrogen bonds that form between complementary bases

Front 32

Polygenic trait

Back 32

Phenotypic traits that result from the combined action of more than one gene

Front 33

Polymorphic trait

Back 33

Two or more distinct phenotypic traits (at the genetic level) that exists within a popuation

Front 34

Frame shift mutation

Back 34

Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide where the rest of "sentence" is changed.

Front 35

Point/gene mutation

Back 35

Erroneous replacement of 1 nucleotide during mitosis/meiosis

Front 36

Chromosomal mutation

Back 36

A change in the number or configuration of a chromosome

Front 37

Zygote

Back 37

A fertilized egg

Front 38

Scientific theory/hypothesis

Back 38

Explanation of an phenomena that yields new information about nature in order to answer questions. Must be testable, correctable, observable, repeatable

Front 39

Amino Acids

Back 39

Molecules that form the basic building blocks of protein

Front 40

Codons

Back 40

A triplet of nucleotide bases that Specifies an amino acid or the initiation or termination of a polypeptide (chain that makes up proteins) sequence

Front 41

Survival of the fittest

Back 41

Successful in reproduction i.e how much you contribute (alleles) to the next generation

Front 42

Co-dominant alleles

Back 42

Two different alleles either both dominant or both recessive that appear on a homologous chromosome at a particular locus