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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abstraction
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Distinction between the external properties of an entity and details of the entity's internal composition
(allows us to ignore the internal details of a complex device such as a computer) |
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Algorithm
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a method for solving a problem expressed as a finite sequence of steps
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ALU
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Arithmetic logic unit
Digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer |
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ASCII
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Character-encoding scheme based on the ordering of the English alphabet ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text |
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Bit
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binary digit
basic unit of information in computing and telecommunications computers information is encoded as patterns of 0s and 1s, these digits are called bits |
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Boolean expression
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A formula that results in a Boolean value, that is, TRUE or FALSE
( For example, the value for 5 > 3 is TRUE, the value for "An apple is not a fruit" is FALSE) |
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Boolean gate
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Device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when given the operation’s input values
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Boolean operation
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Operations that manipulate true/false values (AND, OR, XOR)
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Byte
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A computer’s main memory is organized in manageable units called cells, with a typical size being eight bites (8 bites = 1 byte, thus a typical memory cell has a capacity of one byte)
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Computer network
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a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications among users and allows users to share resources.
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Computer Science
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Science of algorithms; the scope of the science is broad, drawing from such diverse subjects as mathematics, engineering, psychology, biology, business administration and linguistics.
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Control unit
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One of the three parts a CPU consists of
Contains the circuitry for coordinating the machine’s activities |
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CPU
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central processing unit
circuitry in a computer that controls the manipulation of data (=processor) |
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Database
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an organized body of related information for one or more uses, typically in digital form.
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DBMS
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software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data.
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DNS
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a hierarchical naming system that associates information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities and translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical identifiers (such as IP addresses) for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide.
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File
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a large unit that consists of grouped information within a mass storage system. can be a text document, a photo.
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GUI
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Graphical User Interface
an interface within a shell in which objects that can be manipulated, such as files and programs, are represented pictorially on the monitor screen. |
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HTML
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the predominant markup language used for web page design. It uses a system of markup tags surrounded by angle brackets (like <html>) to describe the structure and content of an HTML coded web page.
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HTTP
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The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a set of rules the define for how devices can communicate and share information with each other via the internet.
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Information Science
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Information science is an interdisciplinary science primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information.
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The Internet
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a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
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Instruction Register
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the part of a CPU's control unit that stores the instruction currently being executed or decoded. One of the two special purpose registers within the CPU.
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TCP/IP Protocol suite
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The TCP/ IP protocol suite is a collection of protocol standards used by the Internet to implement the four-level communication hierarchy implemented in the Internet.
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ISP
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a company that offers its customers access to the Internet using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering IP packets or frames, such as cable or DSL.
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Machine language
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a system of instructions and data executed directly by a computer's CPU
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Mass storage
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place for storage of large amounts of data in a persisting and machine-readable fashion. mass storage devices include external harddrives, flash drives.
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Memory address
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An identifier for a memory location at which a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later retrieve it. The addresses used are entirely numeric
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Memory cell
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a building block of computer data storage that is comprised of 1 byte of information (or 8 bits).
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Op-code
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The operation code is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.
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Operating system
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An operation system is the software that controls the overall operation of a computer. It provides the means by which a user can store and retrieve files, provides the interface by which a user can request the execution of programs, and provides the environment necessary to execute the programs requested.
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Packet
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a formatted unit of data carried by a packet mode computer network.
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Port
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hardware: An interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices.
software: a data connection that can be used by programs to exchange data directly, instead of going through a file or other temporary storage location |
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Program
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a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer
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Program counter
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a processor register that indicates where the computer is in its instruction sequence. one of the CPU's two special registers. Depending on the computer, it either contains the address of the program being executed or the address of the next instruction to be executed.
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Protocol
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Set of rules by which activities are conducted.
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RAM
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A form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order.
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Register
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A small amount of storage available on the CPU whose contents can be accessed more quickly than storage available elsewhere
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Relational DB model
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this database model matches data by using common characteristics found within the data set. The resulting groups of data are organized and much easier for many people to understand.
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database model
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the theoretical foundation of a database that determines in which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated in a database system. It thereby defines the infrastructure offered by a particular database system.
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SQL
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Structured Query Language
Database computer language designed for managing data in relational database management system. Its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control. |
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Stored-program concept
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Idea that storage of instructions in computer's main memory to enable it to perform a variety of tasks in sequence or intermittently.
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URL
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Universal Resource Locator
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and how to retrieve it |
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von Neumann Architecture
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a design model for a stored-program digital computer that uses a central processing unit (CPU) and a single separate storage structure ("memory") to hold both instructions and data.
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World Wide Web
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A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks.
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XML
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The eXtensible Markup Language a standardized style for representing data as text files.
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Compiler
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a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. The machine language program can then be executed any time it is needed.
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Computer Program
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a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
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Data Type
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a classification identifying one of various types of data, such as floating-point, integer, or Boolean, that states: the possible values for that type; the operations that can be done on that type; and the way the values of that type are stored
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Function
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A group of instructions that perform a specific task. A large subroutine might be called a "module" or "procedure."
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Pseudocode
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a notational system in which ideas can be expressed informally during the algorithm development process.
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Python
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a general purpose language created in the early 1990s. it has become popular in business and academic applications.
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time complexity
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quantifies the amount of time taken by an algorithm to run as a function of the size of the input to the problem.
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Widget (for guis)
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an element of a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays an information arrangement changeable by the user, such as a window or a text box, and provides a single interaction point for the direct manipulation of a given kind of data.
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IP
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(Internet Protocol) The principal communications protocol used for relaying packets across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite.
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TCP
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Transmission Control Protocol
A protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another securely. |
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UDP
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User Datagram Protocol
a protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol making it a faster but less secure means of transmitting data than TCP. |
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Schema
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A database's structure described in a formal language supported by the database management system (DBMS)
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Subschema
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The applications programmer’s view of the data within the database pertinent to the specific application
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