Vocab Chap. 14

Front 1

Social Psychology (14.1)

Back 1

The branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interaction

Front 2

Social Context (14.2)

Back 2

The combination of (a) people, (b) the activities and interactions among people, (c) the setting in which behavior occurs, and (d) the expectations and social norms governing behavior in that setting

Front 3

Situationism (14.3)

Back 3

The view that environmental conditions influence people's behavior as much or more than their personal dispositions do

Front 4

Social Role (14.4)

Back 4

One of several socially defined patterns of behavior that are expected of persons in a given setting or group

Front 5

Script (14.5)

Back 5

A cluster of knowledge about the sequences of events and actions expected to occur in a particular setting

Front 6

Social Norms (14.6)

Back 6

A group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its members' attitudes and behaviors

Front 7

Asch Effect (14.7)

Back 7

A from of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgments

Front 8

Conformity (14.8)

Back 8

The tendency for people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group

Front 9

Diffusion of Responsibility (14.9)

Back 9

Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members

Front 10

Social Reality (14.10)

Back 10

An individual's subjective interpretation of other people and of relationships with them

Front 11

Reward Theory of Attraction (14.11)

Back 11

A social-learning view that says we like best those who give us maximum rewards at minimum cost

Front 12

Principle of Proximity (14.12)

Back 12

The notion that people at work will make more friends among those who are nearby - with whom they have the most contact

Front 13

Similarity Principle (14.13)

Back 13

The notion that people are attracted to those who are most similar to themselves

Front 14

Matching Hypothesis (14.14)

Back 14

The prediction that most people will find friends and mates that are perceived to be of about their same level of attractiveness

Front 15

Expectancy-Value Theory (14.15)

Back 15

A theory in social psychology that people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the relationship

Front 16

Cognitive Dissonance (14.16)

Back 16

A highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitude

Front 17

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) (14.17)

Back 17

The tendency to emphasize internal causes and ignore external pressures. It is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivist cultures

Front 18

Self-Serving Bias (14.18)

Back 18

An attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility for failure

Front 19

Prejudice (14.19)

Back 19

A negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group

Front 20

Discrimination (14.20)

Back 20

A negative action taken against an individual as a result of his or her group membership

Front 21

In-Group (14.21)

Back 21

The group with which an individual identifies

Front 22

Social Distance (14.22)

Back 22

The perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person

Front 23

Out-Group (14.23)

Back 23

Those outside the group with which an individual identifies

Front 24

Scapegoating (14.24)

Back 24

Blaming an innocent person or a group for one's own troubles

Front 25

Social Facilitation (14.25)

Back 25

An increase in an individual's performance because of being in a group

Front 26

Social Loafing (14.26)

Back 26

A decrease in performance because of being in a group

Front 27

Deindividuation (14.27)

Back 27

Occurs when group members lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility and the group "assumes" responsibility for their behavior

Front 28

Group Polarization (14.28)

Back 28

When individuals in a group have similar, though not identical, views, their opinions become more extreme

Front 29

Groupthink (14.29)

Back 29

An excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members

Front 30

Romantic Love (14.30)

Back 30

A temporary and highly emotional condition based on infatutation and sexual desire

Front 31

Triangular Theory of Love (14.31)

Back 31

A theory that describes various kinds of love in terms of three components: passion (erotic attraction), intimacy (sharing feelings and confidences), and commitment (dedication to putting this relationship first in one's life)

Front 32

Violence and Aggression (14.32)

Back 32

Terms that refer to behavior that is intended to cause harm

Front 33

Cohesiveness (14.33)

Back 33

Solidarity, loyalty, and a sense of group membership

Front 34

Mutual Interdependence (14.34)

Back 34

A shared sense that individuals or groups need each other in order to achieve common goals

Front 35

Terrorism (14.35)

Back 35

The use of violent, unpredictable acts by a small group against a larger group for political, economic, or religious goals