Minerals And Water

Front 1

Hypercalcemia

Back 1

Calcium toxicity can lead to?

Front 2

Signs and symptoms of calcium toxicity

Back 2

Constipation, muscle weakness, tooth decay, tooth loss and calcification of soft tissue

Front 3

Rickets in children and osteoporosis or osteomalacia in adults

Back 3

A calcium deficiency can cause what diseases in children and adults?

Front 4

Vitamin D

Back 4

What vitamin is needed for the absorption of calcium?

Front 5

Milk, dairy, green leafy vegetables, nuts and canned fish

Back 5

What are good sources of calcium?

Front 6

600 mg

Back 6

How much calcium can the body absorb at one time?

Front 7

Calcium

Back 7

What is the most abundant mineral found in the body?

Front 8

Macro - minerals

Back 8

What are required in large amounts and essential for life?

Front 9

1200-1300 mg per day

Back 9

How much calcium does your body need every day?

Front 10

Phosphorus

Back 10

What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?

Front 11

Muscles, organs, blood, plasma and other body fluids

Back 11

Where is 10% of phosphorus found?

Front 12

700-1250 mg per day

Back 12

How much phosphorus does your body need every day?

Front 13

Function of phosphorus

Back 13

Bone and teeth formation, major buffer for the body, makes up many enzymes are a function of which mineral?

Front 14

Phosphorus

Back 14

What mineral is necessary for an acid base balence, nerve and muscle contraction, part of DNA and RNA?

Front 15

Phosphorus

Back 15

Hypophosphatemia is a deficiency of which mineral?

Front 16

Antacids with aluminum hydroxide

Back 16

What pulls phosphorus out of the bone causing muscle weakness, muscle spasms, leg cramps, tetany and convulsions?

Front 17

Phosphorus

Back 17

Dairy, meat, eggs, cheese, dried beans, whole grains and fish are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 18

Carbonated pops and water

Back 18

What products have phosphorus added to them?

Front 19

Functions of calcium

Back 19

Building skeletal tissue, forms and maintains bone and teeth, activates enzymes, prevents high blood pressure are functions of what mineral?

Front 20

Thrombin

Back 20

Calcium aids in blood clotting by forming?

Front 21

Calcium and Vitamin D

Back 21

A deficiency of which vitamin and mineral lead to stunted growth or defective bone growth?

Front 22

Magnesium

Back 22

What is the third most abundant mineral found in the body?

Front 23

Magnesium

Back 23

What mineral is present in all body cells?

Front 24

320-420 mg per day

Back 24

How much magnesium does the body need every day?

Front 25

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus

Back 25

What three minerals are found in the bones?

Front 26

Functions of magnesium

Back 26

Helps relax muscles, moves nutrients in and out of cells, regulates B/P, helps with clotting and maintains heart and muscle structure are functions of what mineral?

Front 27

Magnesium

Back 27

Which mineral helps metabolize carbs and proteins?

Front 28

Vitamin D

Back 28

Magnesium helps convert what vitamin in the liver?

Front 29

Magnesium

Back 29

What mineral is important for cardiac function?

Front 30

Magnesium

Back 30

A deficiency in this can cause vomiting, kidney disease and intestinal surgery?

Front 31

Diuretics and corticosteroids

Back 31

What medications can cause a magnesium deficiency?

Front 32

Chronic alcoholics

Back 32

Cirrhosis of the liver and a magnesium depletion are deficiencies seen in?

Front 33

Magnesium deficiency

Back 33

Tremors, hand/foot spasms, seizures, fatigue, nausea, muscle weakness, confusion and cardiac arrhythmias are signs and symptoms of?

Front 34

Medications

Back 34

A toxicity of magnesium is usually from non-food sources like?

Front 35

Magnesium toxicity

Back 35

Excessive diarrhea, nausea and cramping occur with?

Front 36

Magnesium

Back 36

Large doses of which mineral can lead to renal failure and death?

Front 37

magnesium

Back 37

Bananas, dark green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts and beans are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 38

Low in magnesium

Back 38

Meat, starches and milk are?

Front 39

Hard drinking water

Back 39

What fluid is a good source of both magnesium and calcium?

Front 40

Sodium

Back 40

What mineral is considered an electrolyte?

Front 41

Sodium

Back 41

What mineral is found in extracellular fluid (outside) the cells of the body, the bones and intracellular fluid (inside) the cells?

Front 42

500 mg per day

Back 42

How much sodium is sufficient and safe every day?

Front 43

Hyponatremia

Back 43

What is a deficiency of sodium caused by heavy sweating?

Front 44

Infants and elderly

Back 44

Heat stroke and heat exhaustion are a common deficiency seen in?

Front 45

Cystic fibrosis, vomiting and diarrhea

Back 45

Stomach cramps, mental confusion, headaches, weakness and anorexia can develop in these people that have a sodium deficiency?

Front 46

Hypernatremia

Back 46

Sodium toxicity can lead to high blood pressure also called?

Front 47

Sodium toxicity

Back 47

Extreme thirst, dry sticky membranes, flushed skin and fever occur with a?

Front 48

Steroids

Back 48

What medication can cause the body to retain excess sodium?

Front 49

Sodium

Back 49

Disease conditions like liver, cardiac, kidney failure and tumors of the adrenal glands can lead to a toxicity of what mineral?

Front 50

sodium

Back 50

Processed foods like soups, ham, bacon, lunch meat, pickles, cheese, potato chips, pretzels, crackers, pop and condiments are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 51

Baking soda and baking powder

Back 51

Sodium can be found in what two cooking compounds?

Front 52

Low in sodium

Back 52

Fresh fruit, vegetables, rice, pasta and cooked cereals are?

Front 53

Sodium balance

Back 53

1500 mg per day is plenty to maintain what in a healthy adult?

Front 54

1 tsp

Back 54

2400 mg of sodium is found in how much salt?

Front 55

3400 mg-6000 mg

Back 55

How much sodium does the average person take in every day?

Front 56

Increase sodium intake

Back 56

Athletes and those that do heat work in hot environments and people that sweat alot should?

Front 57

Hypertension and kidney problems

Back 57

Electrolyte solutions like Gatorade can lead to?

Front 58

Potassium

Back 58

Which mineral is a major electrolyte found mostly inside the cell?

Front 59

Skeletal and muscular systems

Back 59

The highest concentration of potassium is found where?

Front 60

4700 mg per day

Back 60

How much potassium is adequate every day?

Front 61

Potassium levels

Back 61

Below 3.5 or above 5.0 are life threatening what?

Front 62

Functions of potassium

Back 62

Energy metabolism, helping to make glycogen used in nerve conduction and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance are?

Front 63

Potassium

Back 63

What mineral is a crucial element in maintenance of cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions?

Front 64

Potassium deficiency

Back 64

Weakness, listlessness, muscle cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are signs and symptoms of a?

Front 65

Hypokalemia

Back 65

What occurs alcoholics, anorexia, low calorie diets, excessive V/D and diabetic ketoacidosis?

Front 66

Diuretics, steroids and antibiotics

Back 66

What medications can cause a potassium deficiency?

Front 67

Potassium

Back 67

Serious side effects like cardiac arrest, respiratory failure and death can occur from a deficiency of which mineral?

Front 68

Diuretics

Back 68

When taking this medication you should be monitored and put on a potassium replacement?

Front 69

Potassium

Back 69

Hyperkalcemia, renal failure, dehydration and infection can be caused by a toxicity of which mineral?

Front 70

Potassium toxicity

Back 70

This can affect the heart and lung muscles, and can lead to cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest?

Front 71

potassium

Back 71

Bananas, raisins, prunes, citrus fruit, dried fruit, potatoes, carrots, celery, meat, milk, fish, beans, cantaloupe and poultry are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 72

Functions of Chloride

Back 72

Forms hydrochloric acid in the stomach, helps maintain fluid acid - base balance, water balance and prevents metabolic alkalosis are all?

Front 73

Chloride deficiency

Back 73

Muscle cramping, poor appetite and long term mental retardation in infants occur with a?

Front 74

Chloride

Back 74

A deficiency of which mineral can impair protein digestion, iron absorption and cause metabolic alkalosis?

Front 75

Vomiting

Back 75

This occurs in someone with a chloride toxicity?

Front 76

Chloride

Back 76

Salt and sodium sources are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 77

Sulfur

Back 77

What mineral is required for metabolism in order to burn and produce energy in the body?

Front 78

Sulfur

Back 78

This mineral is an essential part of protein found in hair, nails, skin, cartilage, connective tissue and is a component of all body protein?

Front 79

Sulfur

Back 79

A deficiency and toxicity of this mineral is not found in healthy humans?

Front 80

Sulfur

Back 80

All protein containing foods, meats, fish, eggs, poultry, milk and dairy are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 81

Micro - minerals

Back 81

These minerals are required by the body in very small quantities?

Front 82

Trace minerals

Back 82

Micro - minerals are also called?

Front 83

Iron

Back 83

A function of this mineral is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells and returns carbon dioxide?

Front 84

Hemoglobin

Back 84

Iron makes up the majority of what?

Front 85

8 mg per day

Back 85

How much iron do men require?

Front 86

18 mg per day

Back 86

How much iron do woman require?

Front 87

Iron

Back 87

This mineral serves as a co-factor for enzymes, used in energy metabolism and is involved in immune function?

Front 88

Iron

Back 88

What is the most wide spread nutritional deficiency in both developed and under developed countries?

Front 89

Anemia

Back 89

This iron deficiency can occur in anyone who has lost blood due to surgery, injury, ulcers or frequent blood donation?

Front 90

Iron deficiency

Back 90

Fatigue, paleness, weakness and headaches are signs and symptoms of?

Front 91

iron deficiency

Back 91

Infants less than 6 months, young children, adolescents, woman, pregnant women and the elderly are at risk of?

Front 92

Children

Back 92

Iron poisoning is very common in?

Front 93

Iron

Back 93

Overdoses of this mineral can cause weak pulse, shock and death?

Front 94

iron

Back 94

Organ meats, lean red meat, fish, poultry, beans, whole grains, enriched cereal, egg yolk, dark green leafy vegetables and dried fruits are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 95

Iodine

Back 95

What mineral forms thyroid hormones especially thyroxine?

Front 96

Iodine

Back 96

What mineral is needed for the growth and mental development, and regulates metabolism?

Front 97

Iodine deficiency

Back 97

What can cause miscarriages, still birth, cretinism(dwarfism with idiot mentality) or mental retardation?

Front 98

Goiters

Back 98

What is caused by both a deficiency and a toxicity of iodine?

Front 99

Iodized salt

Back 99

What kind of salt should you buy?

Front 100

Iodized salt and saltwater fish

Back 100

What are good sources of Iodine?

Front 101

No iodized salt

Back 101

Why are goiters common in third world countries?

Front 102

Zinc

Back 102

What mineral is a component of enzymes affecting metabolism, used in growth, reproduction, vision, immunity, taste, smell and appetite?

Front 103

Function of zinc

Back 103

Normal growth and development, sexual maturation, boosting the immune system and protects nerve and brain cells are?

Front 104

Zinc

Back 104

What mineral is used to produce sperm and testosterone in men?

Front 105

Zinc

Back 105

A deficiency of which mineral can cause dwarfism, impaired taste and smell, decrease of sperm, slow wound healing and poor immune system?

Front 106

Zinc

Back 106

Rarely seen, but can cause vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, lethargy, fatigue, impaired immune response and possibly death are from a toxicity of which mineral?

Front 107

Zinc

Back 107

Any plant or animal that contains protein are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 108

Copper

Back 108

Which mineral is an antioxidant?

Front 109

Copper

Back 109

What mineral is found throughout the body, but the largest amounts are in the liver, brain, heart and kidneys?

Front 110

copper

Back 110

Formation of collagen needed for connective tissue and RBC, a factor in enzymes and production of neurotransmitters is a function of what mineral?

Front 111

Iron

Back 111

Copper is required to use what mineral in the body?

Front 112

Copper

Back 112

What mineral produces strong bones, healthy nerve tissue and prevents hair from turning gray early?

Front 113

Zinc, vitamin C or antacids

Back 113

Although uncommon, a copper deficiency can occur with an increase of what three things?

Front 114

Copper deficiency

Back 114

A decrease in RBC, anemia, neutropenia, impaired glucose tolerance, decrease in skin and hair pigmentation and mental retardation can occur with a?

Front 115

Wilson's Disease

Back 115

This disease is an increase of copper in the body, the skin, hair and eyes have a golden, greenish hue?

Front 116

Copper

Back 116

A toxicity of which mineral can cause liver toxicity and liver damage, V/D and Wilson's Disease?

Front 117

Copper

Back 117

Organ meats, shellfish, seafood, nuts, seeds, whole grain cereal and cocoa are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 118

Manganese

Back 118

What mineral is found in all cells of the body's organs, especially the pancreas, liver and bones?

Front 119

1.8 mg per day

Back 119

How much manganese do men require every day?

Front 120

2.3 mg per day

Back 120

How much manganese do woman require every day?

Front 121

Manganese

Back 121

This mineral is needed for bone and cartilage formation especially during pregnancy and fetal tissue growth?

Front 122

Manganese

Back 122

Functions of what mineral include producing enzymes that metabolize carbs, fatty acids and cholesterol and boosts the immune system?

Front 123

Reproductive System

Back 123

Manganese is required in order to have a healthy _________ _________.

Front 124

Manganese

Back 124

What mineral is needed for insulin production and CNS functions?

Front 125

Flouride

Back 125

What mineral is present in bone and teeth enamel, protects teeth from decay and stimulates new bone formation?

Front 126

Fluoride

Back 126

Marine fish, tea and Dental products are considered to be sources of what mineral?

Front 127

Toxic

Back 127

Although it is necessary, Fluoride can be ___________.

Front 128

Chromium

Back 128

What mineral is necessary for glucose metabolism and works with insulin to regulate blood glucose levels?

Front 129

Chromium

Back 129

Whole grains, cheese, apples, liver, peas and nuts are sources of what mineral?

Front 130

Lead, mercury and arsenic

Back 130

What three minerals are not required by the body and are all considered to be toxic?

Front 131

Arsenic

Back 131

What mineral is poison to the body, very toxic and can result in death?

Front 132

60 %

Back 132

An adult body is composed of how much water?

Front 133

2-3 liters

Back 133

How much water should you drink every day?

Front 134

80 %

Back 134

How much water is a child's/infants body made of?

Front 135

Mercury

Back 135

What toxic mineral is found in fish and old thermometers?

Front 136

Water

Back 136

The function of _________ is to provide form and structure to body tissues.

Front 137

Chemical

Back 137

Water is necessary for the body's ________ processes to occur.

Front 138

Water

Back 138

What transports nutrients and other substances throughout the body by way of blood, body secretions and tissue fluids?

Front 139

Lubricates

Back 139

Water _________ food and aides in digestion.

Front 140

Temperature, energy

Back 140

Water regulates body ________ and participates in ________ formation.

Front 141

Dehydration

Back 141

A deficiency of water can lead to?

Front 142

Water

Back 142

What is lost in our sweat, urine, respirations and evaporation from our skin?

Front 143

Water

Back 143

Beverages, fruit and vegetables are considered to be sources of what?

Front 144

Dehydration

Back 144

Nausea, increased heart rate, dizziness, dry mouth, poor skin turgor, decrease in urine output, irritability and disorientation are signs and symptoms of _________.

Front 145

Kidney failure and death

Back 145

What are two serious consequences that can occur if dehydration is not resolved?

Front 146

10 %

Back 146

A life threatening condition occurs when fluid needs are not met when ______ or more of the total body weight is lost.

Front 147

Elderly

Back 147

Due to a decreased thirst sensation the ________ are at an increased risk for dehydration.

Front 148

Infants

Back 148

______ are at an increased risk for dehydration due to their body being 80% water.

Front 149

Hyponatremia

Back 149

High water intake can cause low blood sodium levels known as __________.

Front 150

Water

Back 150

A toxicity of what can cause excessive accumulation in the brain and lungs?

Front 151

Water

Back 151

Confusion, severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma and death are devastating consequences of what toxicity?

Front 152

Water intoxication

Back 152

What is rare, but occurs in marathon runners, infants that drink over diluted formula, psychotic patients on medications that produce water cravings and diabetes insipidous?

Front 153

Inorganic

Back 153

Minerals are ______ and have no calorie value.

Front 154

Rock, soil and metal ores

Back 154

Where can minerals be found?