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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiamin |
B1 -Functions: Needed to make pyruvate, involved in citric acid cycle -Food Sources: fortified corn flakes, pork, sunflower seeds, whole grains, enriched grains -Deficiencies: Beriberi |
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Riboflavin |
B2 -Functions: Transports hydrogen in ETC -Sources: Milk, enriched grains, liver, oysters - Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis |
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Niacin |
B3 -Function: coenzyme, transports hydrogen in ETC - Deficiency: Pellagra (endemic until 1941 enrichment act) -Sources: enriched grains, protein rich foods, tryptophan an be converted to niacin |
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B6 |
-Function: transamination & decarboxylation. Amino acid metabolization. Sources: Protein rich foods. Easily destroyed by heat. Toxicity: supplements can cause nerve damage above upper level |
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Pantothenic acid |
B vitamin -Function- part of coenzyme A, needed for metabolism of CHO, fat, protein, production of steroid hormones, cholesterol, ect. -Sources: meat, milk, liver, peanuts |
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Folate |
-Function: needed for DNA, RNA synthesis, transfer of single carbon units -Sources: bound to protein in foods. Leafy greens (Foliage). Released by digestion. Activated by B12 (demethylation) -Deficiency: Impairs cell division, protein synthesis, cleft lip/pallate, neural tube defects during pregnancy, anemia -Toxicity: occurs with supplements |
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B12 |
Cobalammin (contains cobalt) -Function: Folate metabolism, TCA cycle, DNA/ RNA synthesis, maitenence of mylin sheaths around exons -Sources: attached to protein in foods. pepsin, HCl separates intrinsic factor binds - Deficiency: Folate deficiency, nerve degradation |
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Vitamin C |
Ascorbic Acid
Water soluble -Deficiency: Scurvy -Function: antioxidant -Forms Collagen -Sources: citrus, bell peppers |
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Vitamin A |
Fat soluble -Function: part of rhodopsin, cell differentiation, gene expression, maintenance of epithelial tissue (lining of external passages and skin)-2 forms: retinoids &caotenoids -Deficiency: cells deteriorate |
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Vitamin E |
Fat Soluble Tocopherol -Function: antioxidant in cell membranes. might prevent heart disease. -Source: sunflower seeds, cold processed veg oils, leafy greens. easily desstroyed by heat |
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Vitamin D |
-Source: synthesis from cholestrol via sun exposure. occasionaly from diet. -Function: bone growth, regulation of blood calcium, also gene expression and differentiation -Deficiency: rickets, other bone diseases -Toxicity: high concentrations of calcium in blood, results in damage, bone loss. |
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Vitamin K |
-Function: blood clotting - sources: bacteria in intestines. leafy green, veggie oils -deficiencies: problems with blood clotting. can happen due to long term antibiotic use. excess can interfere with anticoagulation meds needed for osteoblasts |
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What is a vitamin? |
Organic compounds required in small amounts in the diet (less than a gram) |
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