Vitamins And Minerals

Front 1

Cofactor for: pyruvate dehydrogenase (decarboxylation) & in PPP, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Maintains neural membrane & nerve conduction

Back 1

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Front 2

Polyneuropathy "dry beriberi", dilated cardiomyopathy "wet beriberi", Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Back 2

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Front 3

What is the active form of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)?

Back 3

Flavin mononucl (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); cofactor in oxidation and reduction

Front 4

What is the active form of Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)?

Back 4

Coenzyme A

Front 5

What is the function of Coenzyme A?

Back 5

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Front 6

Deficient in Alcoholics

Back 6

Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pyridoxine (B6), Folic Acid (B9)

Front 7

Deficiency in Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) causes?

Back 7

Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth), angular stomatitis, glossitis, dermatitis, corneal cascularization

Front 8

Dry beriberi

Back 8

Vitamin B1 deficiency; polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

Front 9

Wet Beriberi

Back 9

Vitamin B1 deficiency; High output cardiac failure (DCM), edema

Front 10

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Back 10

Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia

confabulation, personality change, memory loss

Damage to medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus, mammillary bodies

Front 11

Function of Naicin (Vitamin B3)

Back 11

"*NADH: generated during degrad of carbs, fats, AA's, and nucleic acids. Electron carrier from TCA cycle to ETC
*NADPH: generated by G-6-P dehydrogenase in PP shunt. Used in synth rxns for carbs, fats, AA, nucl acids"

Front 12

Pellagra-three D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

Back 12

Vitamin B3 (Niacin deficiency); also can cause glossitis

Front 13

Toxicity of Niacin (B3)

Back 13

Facial Flushing (d/t pharm treatment of hyperlipidemia), gastric irritation, rashes

Front 14

Coenzyme involved in: 1.) AA degrad/conver to other important molecules, 2.) Glycogen degradation, 3.) Porphyrin synthesis

Back 14

Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine

Front 15

Deficiency of Vitamin B6 pyridoxine d/t

Back 15

Alcoholics
Kidney Disease
Isoniazid tx for TB

Front 16

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency leads to?

Back 16

Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy, microcytic hypochromic anemia, confusion and irritability

Front 17

Carboxylase cofactor (pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase)

Back 17

Biotin (B7)

Front 18

Raw Egg Whites

Back 18

Leads to Biotin (B7) deficiency

Front 19

Deficiency in B7 (niacin) deficiency leads to...

Back 19

"Infants -> poor growth, neuro disorders
Infants & adults -> dermatitis, hair loss (alopecia)"

Front 20

Function of Folate (B9)

Back 20

Carrier of one carbon units for: 1.) purine synth, 2.) dTMP synth, 3.) conver of homocysteine to methionine for S-adenosylmethionine synthesis

Front 21

Methotrexate

Back 21

Causes folate deficiency-->megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, fetal neural tube defects, glossitis

Front 22

What B vitamin has none in plants?

Back 22

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Front 23

What B Vitamin Need Intrinsic factor to be absorbed in the illeum?

Back 23

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Front 24

What two reactions does Vit B12 help complete?

Back 24

methionine synthase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; myelination

Front 25

What are the causes of Vit B12 deficiency?

Back 25

Impaired absorption (IF deficency, Ileal resection), incr requirment, decr intake, tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum)

Front 26

Deficiency in VitB12 causes

Back 26

megaloblastic anemai, neural tube defects, neural degeneration (dorsal and lateral tract demyelination, parasthesias, spastic paraparesis, sensory ataxia)

Front 27

Antioxidant, cofacter (enzymes reducing metal ions-facilitates iron absorption), post-translational mod of proteins (collagen), synth. of neurotransmitters / hormones

Back 27

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Front 28

Deficiency in Vit C causes?

Back 28

Scurvy: Easy bruising, corkscrew hair, petechial hemorrhages; If on a high Vit C diet, you need to reduce the dosage slowly

Front 29

Antioxidant (savanges free radicals). Distribution is via chylomicrons

Back 29

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

Front 30

Vitamin E deficiency and treatment?

Back 30

irritability, edema, hemolytic anemia (fragility of erythrocytes)

Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease

Front 31

Vitamin K (Phylloquinones)

Back 31

"Post-translational modification - gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid necessary for Coag factors 2, 7, 9, 10, Proteins S and C
Distribution is via chylomicrons"

Front 32

Causes in Vit K deficiency

Back 32

Rare, except w/ Warfarin tx, malabsorpt syndr, broad spect Abx, lack of gut flora (neonates), Chr liver dis

Front 33

impaired vision, squamous metaplasia, renal/urinary calculi, predispostion to pulmonary infections, diarrhea

Back 33

Vit A deficiency

Front 34

Function of Vitamin A

Back 34

Antioxidant; constituent of visual pigments; essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells

Front 35

Vitamin D function

Back 35

"Controls expression of vit D responsive genes, maintain Ca & Phosphate levels, etc.
Distribution is via chylomicrons"

Front 36

Vitamin D deficiency leads to?

Back 36

Rickets-> bowed legs, frontal bossing, pigeon breast
Osteomal -> soft, painful, bendable, bones. Osteoporsis, dowager's hump

Front 37

Iron function

Back 37

Part of heme (Hb & myoglobin), Fe+sulfur complex req by aconitase (TCA cycle), enzyme co-factor

Front 38

Iron deficiency leads to

Back 38

Iron def anemia, impaired cognition & work capacity, immune def

Front 39

Toxicity of Iron leads to

Back 39

Hemachromatosis, abnormal deposition (liver, pancreas, heart, skin)

Front 40

Where is Zinc absorbed?

Back 40

Jejunum

Front 41

Component of enzymes involved in metabolism, gene expression, spermatogenesis, skin maintenance & wound healing
What vitamin/mineral

Back 41

Zinc

Front 42

rash, anorexia, diarrhea, growth retardation, depressed wound healing and immune response, decreased adult hair
What vitamin?

Back 42

Zinc

Front 43

Causes of zine deficiency?

Back 43

Diabetes, renal dz, malabsorption, IV feeding, burn patients

Front 44

Iodine deficiency leads to?

Back 44

goiter (also can be d/t toxicity), cretinism (dwarfism, mental retardation, bone deformation), myxedema (adults w/ dry skin, swelling around nose and lips)

Front 45

Oxidation rxns incl ETC (cyto C oxidase, tyrosinase), neurotransmitter regulation, antioxidants, collagen crosslink enzymes, devo of vascular & skeletal structures & CNS

Back 45

Copper function

Front 46

microcytic hypochromic anemia, muscle weakness, neurological defects, neutropenia

Back 46

Copper deficiency

Front 47

Toxicity of Cu

Back 47

Wilson's disease

Front 48

What minerals are absorbed in the stomach?

Back 48

Iodine, Fluoride, and Copper (copper also in the duodenum)

Front 49

Toxicity of fluoride leads to?

Back 49

Mottle tooth enamel

Front 50

Deficiency in fluoride leads to?

Back 50

Cavities

Front 51

"Component of glutathione peroxidase
Antioxidant w/ vit E
Regulates thyroid horm action"

Back 51

Selenium

Front 52

Deficiency in Selenium causes?

Back 52

Myopathy, cardiomyopathy

Front 53

Toxicity of selenium?

Back 53

hair and nail damage/loss; tooth decay, neuropathy

Front 54

What are the energy releasing vitamins

Back 54

B1, B2, B3, B5, B7

Front 55

What vitamin is involved in amino acid metabolism

Back 55

B6 (pyridoxine)

Front 56

Biotin is absorbed?

Back 56

in the large intestine

Front 57

Vit B12 is absorbed

Back 57

in the illeum

Front 58

Vitamins involved in Post-translational modification

Back 58

Vitamin C and Vitamin K

Front 59

Fat soluble vitamins

Back 59

D, E, A, K

Front 60

Vitamin K is absorbed

Back 60

in the large intestine, duodenum, jejunum

Front 61

Vit D is absorbed in

Back 61

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 62

Where is Vit A stored?

Back 62

Liver stellate (Ito) cells; retinyl esters