Vitamins & Trace Elements

Front 1

Vitamin C dietary sources

Back 1

vegetables and fruit

Front 2

Vitamin C toxicity

Back 2

abdominal pain, osmotic diarrhea, Fe disorder, kidney stone

Front 3

Vitamin C deficiency

Back 3

scurvy (bleeding gum, hair loss, hyperchondraisis)
risk: old ppl, EtOH, drugs, DM

Front 4

Vitamin B1 dietary sources

Back 4

meat, bean, grain

Front 5

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Back 5

Beriberi (anorexia, cardiac hypertrophy, neurological issues)
WK - eye paralysis and movement, ataxia

Front 6

Vitamin B1 toxicity

Back 6

HA, convulsion, anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrhythmia

Front 7

Vitamin B2 dietary sources

Back 7

meat, dairy, plants

Front 8

Vitamin B2 toxicity

Back 8

NONE

Front 9

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Back 9

ariboflavinosis (cheilosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis)
dimished FAD dependent synthesis of Vitamins B3 and B6

Front 10

Vitamin B3 dietary sources

Back 10

meat, bean, grain

Front 11

Vitamin B3 toxicity

Back 11

therapeutic use of lowering LDL - he didn't address a toxicity

Front 12

Vitamin B3 deficiency

Back 12

Pellagra (4Ds: death, diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis)
RIsk factor: Hartnup disease (malabsorptive disorder), EtOH, diarrhea, other drugs (ex isoniazid)

Front 13

Vitamin B6 dietary sources

Back 13

meat, vegetable, grain

Front 14

Vitamin B6 toxicity

Back 14

sensory and peripheral neuropathy (unsteady gait), parastehnia, impaired reflex)

Front 15

Vitamin B6 deficiency

Back 15

fatigue, cheilosis, glossitis, microcytic anemia, hyperHomoCys (lead to heart issues)

Front 16

Vitamin B9 dietary sources

Back 16

"foliage"

Front 17

Vitamin B9 toxicity

Back 17

insomnia, malaise, irritability, GI distress

Front 18

Vitamin B9 deficiency

Back 18

high HomoCys - CAD, Alzheimer's
Cancer - due to change in MTHFR enzyme
Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia (fatigue, weakness, HA, SOB, palpitation)
risk: EtOH, malabsorptive disorder, lack of N5,N10 THF to N5 methyl THF

Front 19

Vitamin B12 dietary sources

Back 19

meat

Front 20

Vitamin B12 toxicity

Back 20

NONE

Front 21

Vitamin B12 defieincy

Back 21

Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia
decreased DNA synthesis, cause high methylmalonyl concentration (skin pallor, fatigue, SOB, palpitation, insomnia, parasthenia, memory loss)
risk: vegetarian, malabsorptive disorders (pernicious anemia - low IF, atrophic gastritis - no IF, achlorhydria - no HCl, Zollinger Ellison - high HCl, use of H2RA or PPI

Front 22

Vitamin A dietary sources

Back 22

meat (liver), dairy, yellow/orange vegetable

Front 23

Vitamin A toxicity

Back 23

hypervitaminosis A (n/v, double vision, HA, dizzy, skin desquamation)
hypercarotenosis - yellow discoloration of feet and hand sole

Front 24

Vitamin A deficiency

Back 24

xeropthalmia, Bitot's spots, anorexia, retarded growth, increased infection risk, night blindness
risk: malabsorptive orders related to fat, measles

Front 25

Vitamin D dietary sources

Back 25

meat, dairy, sun

Front 26

Vitamin D toxicity

Back 26

idiopathic hypercalecemia: anorexia,n/v, HTN
hypercalecemia and calcification of kidney, heart, lung, blood vessel
calinosis of kidney: polyuria, polydipsia, azotemial

Front 27

Vitamin D deficiency

Back 27

Rickets: seizure, growth retardation, impaired bone mineralization (lead to "O" leg)
osteomalacia: less Ca, more PTH, lead to bone resorption

Front 28

Iron Dietary Sources

Back 28

Heme Iron: Meat, Fish, Poultry, Oysters, Clams

Non-heme iron: Nuts, fruits, veggies, grains, dairy products

Front 29

Iron Toxicity

Back 29

Hemochromatosis, inability of body to sense iron status & down-regulate -> iron deposited to joints & liver --> organ failure
Thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia: increased erythropoiesis causes increased iron absorption

Front 30

Iron Deficiency

Back 30

Sx in children: pallor, listlessness, behavioral disturbances, short attention span
Sx in adults: impaired work performance & productivity (anemia)

Front 31

Zinc Dietary Sources

Back 31

Red meat, seafood, OYSTERS

Front 32

Zinc Toxicity

Back 32

Acute: Metallic taste, N/V, epigastric pain, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea

Chronic: copper deficiency

Front 33

Copper Dietary Sources

Back 33

Seafood, meat, dairy products, grains and cereals, cocoa

Front 34

Copper Toxicity

Back 34

Rare in US, caused by water contamination or accidental ingestion
Sx: Epigastric pain, N/V, diarrhea
Wilson's disease (ATP7B mutation)

Front 35

Copper Deficiency

Back 35

Hypochromic anemia, neutropenia (decreased neutrophil count), hypopigmentation or depigmentation of skin and hair, bone mineralization, cardiovascular & pulmonary dysfunction

Front 36

Chromium Toxicity

Back 36

Renal failure, hepatic dysfunction

Front 37

Chromium Deficiency

Back 37

Weight loss, peripheral neuropathy, elevated plasma glucose concentrations, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia

Front 38

Molybdenum Toxicity

Back 38

Gout (elevated production & deposition of uric acid in joints)

Front 39

Molybdenum Deficiency

Back 39

High blood concentrations of methionine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine, low concentrations of uric acid

Front 40

Manganese Toxicity

Back 40

Liver failure, Parkinson-like symptoms, diminished memory capacity

Front 41

Manganese Deficiency

Back 41

Does not develop in humans unless deliberately eliminated from diet.

Low plasma concentrations of ammonia & urea can be attributed to decreased arginase activity