Viruses

Front 1

Viral Envelope

Back 1

Contain host cell phospholipids and membrane proteins, and derived from the membranes of the host cells

Front 2

Bacteriophage

Back 2

Viruses that infect bacteria, simply called phages

Front 3

Viruses lack:

Back 3

metabolic enzymes and substances used to make proteins

Front 4

Obligate Intracellular Parasite

Back 4

Means that they can only reproduce within a host cell

Front 5

Host Range

Back 5

Each virus can only infect a limited variety of host

Front 6

Lytic Cycle

Back 6

phage reproductive cycle that leads to the death of the host cell

Front 7

Virulant Phage

Back 7

a phage that reproduces only by lytic cycle

Front 8

Restriction Enzymes

Back 8

Enzymes that cut up the foreign DNA

Front 9

Lysogenic Cycle

Back 9

allows replication of the phage genome without destroying the host

Front 10

Temperate Phages

Back 10

Phages that can use both the lysogenic and lytic cycle for reproducing

Front 11

Prophage

Back 11

When viral DNA is integrated into the bacterial chromosomes

Front 12

Retrovirus

Back 12

RNA animal virus with the most complicated reproductive, that has the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which transcribes RNA to DNA rather than DNA to RNA. Ex. HIV, and FIV

Front 13

Provirus

Back 13

Integrated viral DNA that never leaves the host’s genome

Front 14

Plasmids

Back 14

circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and in unicellular eukaryotes called yeast

Front 15

Transposons

Back 15

DNA segments that can move from one location to another within a cells genome

Front 16

Vaccine

Back 16

- harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen

Front 17

Epidemics

Back 17

general outbreaks of a virus

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Pandemic

Back 18

Global epidemic (largest was the Spanish flu)

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Emerging Virus’

Back 19

virus that appear suddenly or are new to scientist

Front 20

Horizontal Transmission

Back 20

When a plant is infected from an external source of the virus

Front 21

Vertical Transmission

Back 21

When the plant becomes infected because of the parent

Front 22

Viroids

Back 22

viruses, only 100 nucleotides long, that infect plants

Front 23

Prions

Back 23

Infectious proteins within plants