Virology - Ibr, Brsv, Pi-3

Front 1

Herpesvirus
-virus morphology

Back 1

-dsDNA

Front 2

Bovine Herpesvirus
-types

Back 2

-BHV 1.1 - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
-BHV-1.2a/b - infectious pustular balanoposthitis/vulvovaginitis

Front 3

Only antigenic type of Bovine Herpes Virus

Back 3

-BHV 1.1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR))

Front 4

BHV
-sites of infection

Back 4

Upper respiratory
-conjunctiva
-nasal
-tracheal

Front 5

BHV
-pathogenesis

Back 5

-replication in epithelial cells (rhinotracheitis)
-systemic cell spread (encephalitis)
-infection of fetus in females (abortion)
-latency in neurons (those infected for the first time)
-can become reactivated from latency

Front 6

BHV
-primary lesions

Back 6

-vesicles containing virus infected cells and debris
-can be seen in the esophagus of an infected neonatal calf

-Rednose from eroded vesicles
-conjunctivitis

Front 7

BHV
-types causing genital lesions

Back 7

-IPB (blanoposthitis)
-IPV (vulvovaginitis)

Front 8

Typical IBR mucosal lesions

Back 8

-adherent, whitish, necrotic material raised above the mucosal surface (vesicles)

Front 9

IBR
-When does virus shedding occur

Back 9

-slight dip in temperature

Front 10

IBR
-important immune responses

Back 10

-CMI
-IgG/IgA

Front 11

BHV
-hallmark of why it is perpetuated in cattle populations

Back 11

-latent infection

Front 12

BHV
-how does the virus escape from host defenses?

Back 12

-latency in trigeminal ganglia/sacral dorsal root ganglia

Front 13

BHV
-where does replication take place?

Back 13

-epithelial cells

Front 14

BHV
-what causes reactivation from latency?

Back 14

-stress
-Immunosuppression
-corticosteroids

Front 15

BHV-1
-methods of virus transmission

Back 15

-placenta
-AI
-Venereal (semen and vaginal secretion)
-Animal-animal contact (eye/nose discharge)
-vaccination

Front 16

BHV-1 infection
-major complications

Back 16

-Shipping fever
-abortions

Front 17

BHV abortions
-when do they occur?

Back 17

-usually last 4 months of gestation

Front 18

Most important animal health concern of the US feedlot industry

Back 18

-Bovine Respiratory Disease

Front 19

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
-components

Back 19

-Stress
-Viral infection (IBR, BVDV, BRSV, Parainfluenza-3)
-Secondary bacteria infection (Mannheimia, Pasturella, Histophilus, Mycoplasma)

Front 20

BHV
-methods of diagnosis

Back 20

-PCR
-Virus isolation
-Immunofluorescence
-Western Blot
-ELISA
-Neutralization test

Front 21

BHV-1
-methods of diagnosing viral antigen in tissue

Back 21

-immunohistochemistry
-immunofluorescence

Front 22

Titer
-definition

Back 22

-a quantifiable amount of something

Front 23

Serum neutralizing titer
-how to perform

Back 23

-serially dilute patients serum
-add equal amts. of virus to each tube
-infect cultured cells
-last dilution that can prevent plaque formation is serum neutralizing titer

Front 24

BHV-1
-differentials

Back 24

-Upper respiratory lesions
-abortion
-vaginitis
-pneumonia (shipping fever)
-larynx (calf diphtheria)
-BVDV (oral ulcers, diarrhea, no dyspnea)
-keratitis (pink eye)

Front 25

BHV-1
-vaccine types

Back 25

-Live attenuated
-Subunit/DNA
-Adjuvants
-Inactivated/killed
-Combined approach
-Heterologous vectors expressing BHV-1 antigens

Front 26

BHV-1
-routes of vaccination

Back 26

-MLV (intranasal, intramuscular)
-Inactivated (Intramuscular)

Front 27

BHV-1
-intranasal vaccine advantages and disadvantages

Back 27

Advantages:
-stimulates mucosal and systemic immunity
-less affected by maternal antibody

Disadvantages:
-Immunity not as long lasting as IM
-lower serum antibody titers
-difficult administration

Front 28

BHV-1
-intramuscular vaccine advantages and disadvantages

Back 28

Advantages:
-longer lasting
-higher antibody levels

Disadvantages:
-susceptible to maternal antibody

Front 29

BHV-1
-number of shots usually required for a killed vaccine

Back 29

-2

Front 30

BHV-1
-is there cell mediated immunity with inactivated vaccine?

Back 30

-usually not

Front 31

Paramyxovirus
-types (diseases)

Back 31

-Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza 3)
-Pneumovirus (Respiratory Syncytial virus)
-Morbilliviruses (Rinderpest)

Front 32

Paramyxovirus
-virus morphology

Back 32

-enveloped
-negative sense ssRNA
-helical nucleocapsid w/ herring bone appearance

Front 33

Parainfluenza Virus
-affected species

Back 33

-cattle (not as much anymore)
-sheep

Front 34

Parainfluenza virus
-signs

Back 34

-serous nasal discharge
-bronchotracheitis
-fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia

Front 35

Parainfluenza virus 3
-transmission

Back 35

-respiratory route through aerosolized secretions

Front 36

PI3
-how long can it be shed in nasal secretions

Back 36

-8-10 days

Front 37

PI3
-pathogenesis

Back 37

Asymptomatic to interstitial pneumonia
-replicated in alveolar type 2 cells (decreased surfactant)
-lung can't inflate as easily
-leads to atelectasis of anterior lung lobes

Decreased bacterial clearance
-lysis of respiratory epithelium
-infection of macrophages

Front 38

PI3
-how does it lead to shipping fever

Back 38

-decreased bacterial clearance

Front 39

PI3 immunity
-length of time

Back 39

-short lived

Front 40

PI3
-vaccination

Back 40

-no standalone vaccine (some as part of a complex; shipping fever)
-incomplete protection
-maternal antibody can protect calves but can affect active immunization

Front 41

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
-virus type

Back 41

-paramyxovirus

Front 42

BRSV
-virus morphology

Back 42

-negative sense ssRNA
-enveloped

Front 43

BRSV
-diseases/affects

Back 43

-acute viral pneumonia/inflammation (interstitial pneumonia)
-secondary bacterial pneumonia (supperative bronchopneumonia)
-expiration blocked (emphysema)
-immune mediated damage (edema)

Front 44

BRSV
-Pathogenesis

Back 44

-transmitted by aerosolized secretions absorbed in respiratory tract
-replication in nasal epithelium/upper respiratory tract
-infection/manifestation in lower respiratory tract

Front 45

BRSV
-clinical findings

Back 45

-fever
-mucoid nasal discharge
-salivation
-increased rate of respiration (respiratory distress, mouth breathing, dyspnea)
-auscultation (lower respiratory disease)

Front 46

BRSV
-auscultation findings

Back 46

with virus infection only:
-interstitial emphysema
-small airway disease
-expiratory dyspnea

with virus and secondary bacterial infection:
-crackles/wheezes

Front 47

BRSV
-typical scenario

Back 47

-weaned 4-6 wks
-previously gained weight
-cold snap
-drop in feed consumption
-calves stand aside w/ head lowered, nasal/ocular discharge, fever, cough

Front 48

Most common cause of outbreaks of respiratory disease in young dairy calves

Back 48

-BRSV

Front 49

BRSV
-diagnosis

Back 49

-Virus Isolation (virus labile)
-Antigen detection (ELISA)
-Serology
-RT-PCR (most common)

Front 50

BRSV
-post Mortem findings

Back 50

-lungs full of fluid & air
-cranioventral consolidation with edema and emphysema in caudal lobes

Front 51

BRSV
-prevention

Back 51

-good husbandry (well ventilated housing)
-vaccination (MLV)