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192 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What family does FMDV belong to?
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Picornaviridae
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What genus does FMDV belong to?
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Aphthovirus
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Does FMDV have an envelope?
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No
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Is FMDV a RNA or a DNA virus?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, isometric, icosahdral
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What family does Equine Rhinitis A Virus belong to?
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Picornaviridae
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What genus does Equine Rhinitis A Virus belong to?
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Aphthovirus
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Is Equine Rhinitis A Virus an RNA or a DNA virus?
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Positive ssRNA, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - Picronaviridae
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Does Equine Rhinitis A Virus have an envelope?
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No - Picornaviridae do not
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What family does Hepatitis A Virus belong to?
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Picornaviridae
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What genus does Hepatitis A Virus belong to?
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Hepatovirus
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Does Hepatitis A Virus have an envelop?
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No - Picornaviridae do not
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Is Hepatitis A Virus RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral - Picornaviridae
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Does Hepatitis A Virus have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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What family does Vesicular Stomatitis Virus belong to?
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Rhabdo
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What genus does Vesicular Stomatitis virus belong to?
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Vesiculovirus
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Does Vesicular Stomatitis Virus have an envelope?
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Yes - all rhabdo do
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Is Vesicular Stomatitis Virus DNA or RNA?
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Negative ssRNA, linear, continuous, helical, bullet-shaped - Rhabdo
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What is the only vesicular disease in horses?
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Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
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Does vesicular stomatitis virus have a biological or mechanical vector?
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Biological (flies, midges, mosquitoes)
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Does vesicular stomatitis virus have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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What family does Rabies belong to?
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Rhabdo
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What genus does Rabies belong to?
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Lyssavirus
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Does Rabies have an envelope?
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Yes - all rhabdo do
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Is rabies a DNA or an RNA virus?
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Negative ssRNA, linear, continuous, helical, bullet-shaped - all rhabdo
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What family does Influenza Virus belong to?
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Orthomyxo
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Are influenza viruses DNA or RNA?
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Negative ssRNA, linear, segmented, helical, pleomorphic
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Influenza A Viruses infect what species?
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Humans, mammals, birds
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Influenza B Viruses infect what species?
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Humans and seals
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Influenza C Viruses infect what species?
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Humans and pigs
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The HA of Influenza Virus binds to SA-GAL in what linkage in mammals? In birds?
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alpha 2,3 in birds
alpha 2,6 in mammals |
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Are influenza viruses enveloped?
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Yes
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What family does Rotavirus belong to?
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Reoviridae
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What genus does Rotavirus belong to?
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Rotavirus
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Does rotavirus have an envelope?
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No - reoviridae viruses do not
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Is rotavirus a DNA or RNA virus?
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dsRNA, linear, segmented, wheel-shaped, icosahedral, small, has a double capsid
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What family does Blue Tongue Virus belong to?
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Reoviridae
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What genus does Blue Tongue Virus belong to?
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Orbivirus
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Is Blue Tongue Virus RNA or DNA?
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dsRNA, linear, segmented, wheel-shaped, icosahedral, small, donut-shaped capsomeres - all Reoviridae
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Is Blue Tongue Virus transmitted biologically or mechanically by vectors?
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Biologically (Culicoides - midges)
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What family does TGEV belong to?
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Coronaviridae
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What genus does TGEV belong to?
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Coronavirus
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Is TGEV RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral core with helical NC, club-shaped, large
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Is TGEV enveloped?
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Yes - all coronaviridae are
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What family does SARS belong to?
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Coronaviridae
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What genus does SARS belong to?
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Coronavirus
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Is SARS RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, pleomorphic, spherical, icosahedral core with helical NC - all coronaviridae
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Does SARS have an envelope?
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Yes - all coronaviridae do
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What family does Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) belong to?
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Coronaviridae
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What genus does Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) belong to?
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Coronavirus
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Is IBV RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral core with helical NC, club-shaped - all coronaviridae
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Does IBV have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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Does Rotavirus have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes - very stable
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Does FMDV have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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Does Hepatitis A virus have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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Does Vesicular Stomatitis Virus have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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What family does Pacheco's Disease Virus belong to?
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Herpesviridae
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What genus does Pacheco's Disease Virus belong to?
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Herpesvirus (Psittacid Herpesvirus 1)
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Is Pacheco's Disease Virus DNA or RNA?
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dsDNA, linear, icosaheral - all Herpes
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Does Pacheco's Disease Virus have an envelope?
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Yes - all herpes do
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What family does Macacine Herpesvirus 1 (B Virus) belong to?
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Herpesviridae
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What genus does Macacine Herpesvirus 1 (B Virus) belong to?
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Simplexvirus
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Is Macacine Herpesvirus DNA or RNA?
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dsDNA, linear, icosahedral - all herpes
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Does Macacine Herpesvirus 1 have an envelope?
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Yes - all herpes
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Do herpesviruses cause persistent infections?
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Yes - can all be latent
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What family does PRV belong to?
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Herpesviridae
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What genus does PRV belong to?
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Varicellovirus (in the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae)
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Is PRV a DNA or RNA virus?
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dsDNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - all herpes
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What family does ILV belong to?
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Herpesviridae
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What genus does ILV belong to?
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Iltovirus (in the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae)
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Is ILV a DNA or RNA virus?
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dsDNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - all herpes
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Does ILV have an envelope?
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Yes - all herpes
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What family does EHV1 belong to?
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Herpesviridae
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What genus does EHV1 belong to?
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Varicellovirus (in the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae)
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Is EHV1 a DNA or RNA virus?
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dsDNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - all herpes
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Does EHV1 have an envelope?
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Yes - all herpes
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What family does Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus belong to?
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Poxviridae
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What genus does Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus belong to?
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Parapoxvirus
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Is Contagious Pustular Dermatitis a DNA or RNA virus?
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dsDNA, linear, continuous, non-symmetrical - poxviridae
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Does Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus have an envelope?
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Yes - all pox
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Does contagious pustular dermatitis have prolonged infecitivity outside the host? Persistent infection?
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Yes to both
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What family does WEE belong to?
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Toga
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What genus does WEE belong to?
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Alphavirinae
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Is WEE a RNA or DNA virus?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, and spherical - all toga
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Does WEE have an envelope?
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Yes - all toga
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Is WEE transmitted biologically or mechanically by vectors?
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Biologically
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What family does EEE belong to?
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Togaviridae
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What genus does EEE belong to?
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Alphavirinae
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Is EEE a DNA or RNA virus?
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positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral and spherical - all toga
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Does EEE have an envelope?
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Yes - all toga
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Is EEE transmitted biologically or mechanically by a vector?
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Biologically (mosquitoes)
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What family does WNV belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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What genus does WNV belong to?
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Flavivirus
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Is WNV DNA or RNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosaheral, spherical - all flavi
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Is WNV transmitted biologically or mechanically by a vector?
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Biologically (mosquitoes)
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What family does SLEV belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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What genus does SLEV belong to?
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Flavivirus
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Is SLEV RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - all flavi
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Does SLEV have an envelope?
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Yes - all flavi
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Is SLEV transmitted biologically or mechanically by a vector?
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Biologically (mosquitoes)
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Is SLEV zoonotic?
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Yes
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What family does CSF belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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What genus does CSF belong to?
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Pestivirus
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Is CSF RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral and spherical - all flavi
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Does CSF have an envelope?
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Yes - all flavi
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Does CSF have prolonged infectivity outside the host?
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Yes
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What family does BVD belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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What genus does BVD belong to?
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Pestivirus
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Is BVD DNA or RNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - all flavi
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Does BVD have an envelope?
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Yes - all flavi
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Does BVD have prolonged infectivity outside of the host? Persistent infection?
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Yes to both
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What family does Canine Parvovirus 2 belong to?
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Parvoviridae
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What genus does Canine Parvovirus 2 belong to?
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Parvovirinae
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Is Canine Parvovirus 2 DNA or RNA?
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ssDNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, round and small - all parvo
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Does Canine Parvovirus 2 have an envelope?
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No - all parvo
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Does Canine Parvovirus 2 have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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What family does Feline Panleukopenia virus belong to?
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Parvoviridae
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What genus does Feline Panleukopenia belong to?
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Parvivirinae
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Is feline panleukopenia DNA or RNA?
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ssDNA, linear, continuous, icosaheral, round and small - all parvo
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Does feline panleukopenia virus have an envelope?
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No - all parvo
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Does Feline Panleukopenia virus have prolonged infecitivity outside of the host?
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Yes - and is persistent
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Why do parvoviruses attack rapidly dividing cells?
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It is a ssDNA virus - needs to be converted to dsDNA before it can do anything to the host cell - rapidly dividing cells have a lot of DNA dependent DNA polymerase - the virus can now make mRNA
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What family does PPV belong to?
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Parvoviridae
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What genus does PPV belong to?
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Parvivirinae
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Is PPV DNA or RNA?
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ssDNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, round and small - all parvo
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Does PPV have an envelope?
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No - all parvo
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Does PPV have prolonged infectivity outside of the host?
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Yes
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What family does Norovirus belong to?
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Caliciviridae
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What genus does Norovirus belong to?
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Norovirus
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Is Norovirus DNA or RNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral and spherical - all calici
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Does norovirus have an enevelope?
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No - all calici
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Is Norovirus stable in the environment?
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Yes - more stable than rotavirus
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What family does EIA belong to?
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Retroviridae
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What genus does EIA belong to?
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Lentivirus
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Is EIA RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA (diploid as DNA), linear, continuous, icosahedral and spherical - all retro
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Does EIA have an envelope?
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Yes - all retro
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Is EIA transmitted biologically or mechanically by a vector?
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Mechanically (tabanid flies)
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Who discovered that Avian Leukosis Virus can cause cancner? (first virus discovered to do so)
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Ellerman and Bang
1908 oncogenic virus |
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What family does LCM belong to?
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Arenaviridae
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What genus does LCM belong to?
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Arenavirus
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Is LCM RNA or DNA?
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Negative ssRNA, pleomorphic, segmented, contains at least 2 circular helical NC with associated RNA dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) - all arena
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Does LCM have an envelope?
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Yes - all arena
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Is LCM persistent infection? zoonotic? have prolonged infecitivity outside the host?
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Yes to all 3
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What family does Hepatitis E virus belong to?
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Hepeviridae
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What genus does Hepatitis E belong to?
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Hepevirus
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Is Hepatitis E RNA or DNA?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, spherical - all hepe
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Does hepatitis E virus have an envelope?
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No - all hepe
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Is hepatitis E virus zoonotic?
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Yes
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What family does ASF belong to?
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Asfaviridae
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What genus does ASF belong to?
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Asfavirus
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Is ASF DNA or RNA?
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dsDNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral, hexagonal - all asfa
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Does ASF have an envelope?
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Yes
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Is ASF transmitted biologically or mechanically by vectors?
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Biological (ticks - ornithodoros)
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is ASF persistent? zoonotic? have prolonged infectivity?
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Yes to all 3
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What is the only DNA virus that can be called an arbovirus?
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ASF
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What family does NDV belong to?
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Paramyxoviridae
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What genus does NDV belong to?
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Rubulavirus
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Is NDV DNA or RNA?
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Negative ssRNA, linear, continuous, helical, pleomorphic - all paramyxo
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Does NDV have an envelope?
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Yes - all paramyxo
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Does NDV cause a persistent infection?
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Yes
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Is NDV zoonotic?
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Yes - can cause conjunctivitis in humans
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What family does SV40 belong to?
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Polyomaviridae
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What genus does SV40 belong to?
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Polyomavirus
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Is SV40 a DNA or RNA virus?
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dsDNA, spherical, icosahedral - all polyoma
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Does SV40 have an envelope?
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No - all polyoma
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Can SV40 cause a persistent infection?
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Yes it can be latent
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What family does PRRS virus belong to?
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Arteriviridae
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What genus does PRRS virus belong to?
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Arterivirus
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Is PRRS virus a DNA or RNA virus?
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Positive ssRNA, linear, continuous, icosahedral - all arteriviruses
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Does PRRS have prolonged infectivity outside the host?
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Yes - and causes a persistent infection
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Is Schmallenberg virus biologically or mechanically transmitted by vectors?
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Biological (midges) - all orthobunyaviruses are
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Who discovered that viruses are filterable agents and require a living organism to replicate? What virus did they use?
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Ivanosky and Beijernick in 1898
Tobacco Mosaic Virus |
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Who discovered FMD virus?
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Loeffler and Froesch in 1898
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Who demonstrated that the genetic code of viruses was contained in the nucleic acid?
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Hershey and Chase
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What is a bacteriophage?
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Obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery (i.e., viruses that infect bacteria)
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Who discovered reverse transcriptase?
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Termin (U of WI) and Baltimore (Johns Hopkins) in 1970
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Who discovered restriction enzymes?
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D Nathan, A Werner, H Smith in 1970
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What was the first infectious clone?
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Polio in 1981
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Who developed PCR?
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Kary Mullis in 1983/1984
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Who first used EM with Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
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Stanley in 1935
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What salt is used in negative staining?
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PTA (phosphor tungstic acid)
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What is used during positive staining?
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Osmium tetroxide - binds directly to viral proteins
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Do all helical symmetry viruses have envelopes?
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Yes
some, but not all, of icosahedral viruses are enveloped |
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What is the composition of viral envelopes?
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a modified cellular bi-lipid membrane (cytoplasmic, nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum) that is acquired by the virus during replication
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What are the subunits of the viral envelope called?
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Peplomers
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Some peplomers can act as?
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Anti-receptors
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What is the antireceptor of Influenza viruses?
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Hemagglutinin
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The subtype of influenza virus is determined by?
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Antigenic determinants of the HA and NA proteins
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The type of influenza virus is determined by?
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The matrix protein and NC protein (Type A, B or C)
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What is the matrix protein of influenza viruses?
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Protein to which the glycoproteins on the surface are anchored
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What is the viral capsid?
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Protein shell that protects the viral genome
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What are the structural units of the capsid?
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Protomeres
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What are the morphological units of the capsid?
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Capsomeres
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