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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a sarcoid?
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a locally aggressive, fibroblastic benign skin tumor
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How does a horse get a sarcoid?
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transmission from flies
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What are the clinical signs of equine adenovirus?
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acute URT, conjunctivitis, bronchopneumonia
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What are the two forms of Horse pox virus?
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CPD - papules in buccal cavity and nasal passages
Grease or grease heel - exudative dermatitis of the pasterns |
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What are differentials for horse pox virus?
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VSV, equine molluscum contagiousm, Uasin Gishu
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Name the following EHVs:
Alpha: -EHV 1 -EHV 3 -EHV 4 Gamma: -EHV 2 -EHV 5 |
Alpha:
-EHV 1 = equine abortion -EHV 3 = coital exanthema -EHV 4 = rhinopneumonitis Gamma: -EHV 2 = pharyngitits and URT -EHV 5 = URT |
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What plays a huge role in the spread of EHV-1 (equine abortion)?
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-latency in the trigeminal ganglion and peripheral blood leukocytes
-latent reactivation and nasal shedding for 15 days |
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What 3 organ systems are affected with EHV-1?
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-repiratory
-reproductive -CNS |
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When does abortion occur with EHV-1 and what is a hallmark of the abortion?
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last 2-4 months, up to 90%
-intrauterine death and absence of autolysis |
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What clinical signs do you see with EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy?
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-posterior paresis, bladder atony
-NO direct neuronal invasion and death -vasculitis, thrombosis and oxygen deprivation |
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What is a typical lesion of EV3?
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erosive hemorrhagic ulcers
-papules>vesicles>pustules: vulva and penis |
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What is the distinctive syndrome of EHV-5 in adult horses?
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syndrome of pulmonary fibrosis
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What are the tenants for prevention of EHV?
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-Segregation
-Isolation -Subdivision of pregnant mares into small groups -Stress reduction |
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What are the tenants for outbreak control of EHV?
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-Disinfection
-Isolation -Sampling -Hygiene |
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What animals do the following infect?
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EEEV- bats, reptiles, amphibians
VEEV - bats, marsupials |
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What is the cycle for EEEV/WEEV?
What is the cycle for VEEV? |
- bird/mosquito
-rodent/mosquito |
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For what virus is the horse an amplifying host?
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VEEV
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What are the dead-end hosts for VEEV?
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humans, horses, cattle, pigs, ratites (ostriches)
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What is the incubation period for WEEV/EEEV vs. VEEV?
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-5-15 days
-2-6 days |
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What is the pathogeneisis of equine enchepalitis virus?
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Biphasic infection
1-primary viremia with visceral replication (2-5 days) 2-secondary CNS replication at (6-8 days) |
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Where are the gross lesions for Equine encephalitis?
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brain and meneinges
(grey matter) |
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What are the differential diagnosis for equine encephalitis?
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-West Nile Fever
-African Horse Sickness -Rabies -Toxins -Botulism -Trauma |
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Is Equine Enchephalitis reportable?
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yes
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In what animals is West Nile Virus a neurologic disease?
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humans and horses
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In what animal is there high mortality with WNV?
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Corvids - first sign in any area is death of a lot of crows
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What do the 3 phases of WNV look like?
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I - depression, anorexia, sleeping (RECOVERY LIKELY)
II - Phase I + greenish diarrhea, central blindness, ataxia (RECOVERY with INTENSE THERAPY) III - seizures, tremors and death (common in carvids) |
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Where is hendra virus located and what is the most common method it is shed?
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Austrailia - transmission via urinary shedding and fruit bats
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What is the most common form of transmission for equine viral arteritis?
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respiratory
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What are the main clinical signs for EVA?
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respiratory/abortion
-with photophobia, corneal opacity, urticaria |
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What are the differential diagnosis for EVA?
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EIA, Influenza, EHV 1 and 4, AHS, Getah
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What is the official test for EVA?
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VN (1:4 or greater is positive)
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What age foal does foal gasteroenteritis virus affect?
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young - less than 2 weeks
-self-limiting |
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What is the incubation for equine influenza virus?
What do foals get? |
-short and highly contagious
-post-infection encephalopathy (foals) |
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How would you diagnose influenza Virus A on a farm?
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dry, explosive cough
-antigen detection - lateral flow test |
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What is the main mode of transmission of EIAV?
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-Iatrogenic almost exclusively
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What type of infection does EIA cause?
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persistant infection
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What is the international GOLD STANDARD for testing for EIA?
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Coggins Test
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How is african horse sickness spread?
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culicoides spp.
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What are clinical signs of African Horse Sickness?
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-cardiac --> edema
- respiratory --> coughing |
