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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Virus is latin for
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poison
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What is a virus?
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DNA or RNA covered by a protein coat
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Important surface proteins on virus
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Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
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Function of hemagglutinin
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Helps virus binding
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Function of neuraminidase
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Enzymes that helps in lysis and promotes spread of infection (getting in and taking over)
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What is a retrovirus?
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Contains two copies of the viral RNA
Viral RNA information is transcribed into DNA which is then transcribed into mRNA contain viral genome |
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Define antibody titer
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A measure of concentration of antibodies in the patient's serum
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Innate immunity
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Nonspecific, generalized defense against wide variety of pathogens
Recognition of self versus non-self Rapid response (minutes to hours) |
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Acquired immunity
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Acquired through previous exposure
Body can recognize specific foreign agents Slow response (days to weeks) |
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Antigen
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Foreign substance (protein, virus, bacteria) that generates an immune response
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Antibody
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Protein molecules (aka immunoglobulins) that respond and help eliminate an antigen
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What is the first antibody to appear in response to the initial exposure to the antigen?
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IgM
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What is the first antibody to appear in response to sequal exposures to the antigen?
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IgG
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Live attenuated vaccines
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Derived from infecting organism that induce immunity
Still alive but somewhat weakened |
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Precautions with live attenuated vaccines
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Immunsuppression shouldn't receive it
Pregnancy Other recent live vaccines |
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Examples of live attenuated vaccines
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Influenza (flu mist), measles, mumps, MMR, rotavirus, rubella, typhoid, yellow fever
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Killed inactivated vaccines
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Derived from infecting organism but is not alive and induce immunity
Usually whole or split viral particles, fragments, etc |
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Killed inactivated vaccines usually require
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More than one dose to induce immunity and a booster to sustain antibody levels
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Simultaneous administration of two inactivated vaccines?
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No contraindications but use separate needles, syringes, and sites
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Simultaneous administration of inactivated and live vaccines?
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No contraindications but use separate needles, syringes, and sites
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Simultaneous administration of two live vaccines?
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Yes if on the same day at the same time
If not, 4 weeks minimum interval |
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HSV-1
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Lesions above waist, herpes liabilis, gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis,"", and encephalitis
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HSV-2
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Lesions below the waist, genital herpes, meningitis, neonatal herpes
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Varicella zoster
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Primary: chicken pox
Secondary: shingles |
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DNA enveloped viruses
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Are all HSV typed
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Kaposi sarcoma
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Cancer in AIDS patients
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Human papilloma virus
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Warts and papillomas on mucuos membranes causing cervical cancer
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Corona virus
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Common cold, SARS
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Paramyxovirus
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Measles and mumps
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Orthomyxovirus
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Influenza
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Treatment of HSV-1, HSV-2, Varicella Zoster
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Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Doconsaol (abreva)
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Vaccination for varicella zoster
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Varivax and Zostavax
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Treatment of cytomegalovirus
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Foscarnet and Ganciclovir
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Variola virus
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Smallpox
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Treatment of variola virus
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Vaccine
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Hepadnavirus
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Hepatitis B
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Treatment of orthomyxovirus
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Oseltamivir (tamiflu), Zanamivir (relenza), Amantadine (symmetrel)
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Treatment of coronavirus
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Ribavirin
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Togavirus
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Rubella
Human only (childhood disease) |
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Rhabdovirus
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Rabies
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Flavivirus
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Yellow fever, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis G
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Complication of Hepatitis C
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Treatment of Hep C
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Alpha Interferon
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Retrovirus diseases
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HIV-1 and HIV-2
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Treatment of HIV-1 and HIV-2
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HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy)
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Picornavirus
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Polio, common cold, Hepatitis A
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Norovirus (Norwalk virus) disease
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Gastroenteritis and water diarrhea
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HEV disease
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Hepatitis E
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Hepatitis E mostly infects
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Pregnant women
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Varicella disease
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Chickenpox
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Chickenpox presentation
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Few to many papules across the entire body that progress to drying and scabbing
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Zoster disease
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Shingles
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Shingles presentation
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Rash associated with dermatome
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HHV-8 disease
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Kaposi sarcoma
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Kaposi Sacroma presentation
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Purple lesions on skin
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Parvovirus disease
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Erythema infectiosum
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Erythema infectiosum presentation
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Slapped cheek appearance
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Pox-like virus disease
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Moluscum contagiosum
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Moluscum contagiosum
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Clusters of wart like lesions
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Paramyxovirus disease
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Measles
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Measles presentation
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Rash across body (even palms and soles) with white spots in mouth (koplik's spots)
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Togavirus disease
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Rubella
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Rubella presentation
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Mild measles
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Filovirus disease
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Ebola
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Ebola presentation
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Hemorrhagic rash
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Transmission of Hepatitis A
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Fecal-oral
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Transmission of Hepatitis B
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Parenteral or sexual
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Transmission of Hepatitis C
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Parenteral or sexual
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Transmission of Hepatitis D
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Parenteral or sexual
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Transmission of Hepatitis E
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Fecal-oral
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Can be chronic
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Hepatitis B, C, D
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Prevention of Hepatitis A
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HAV vaccine or immune serum globulin
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Prevention of Hepatitis B
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HBV vaccine or immune serum globulin
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HIV is linked with co-infection of which Hepatitis?
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Hepatitis B
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Patients with HIV should be vaccinated against
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Hepatitis B
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Prevention of Hepatitis C
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None
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Prevention of Hepatitis D
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None
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Hepatitis D virus must have ________ present to replicate
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HBV
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HIV pathogenesis
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Infection of helper T-lymphocytes resulting in loss of cell-mediated immunity
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Patients has AIDS if CD4 cell counts
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<200 cells/microliter
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AIDS defining illnesses
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Kaposia sarcoma, bacterial infections, and fungal infections
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What is interferon
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Composed of glycoproteins
Stimulates immune system to fight off infection |
