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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reassortment
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When viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments
Ex. influenza |
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complementation
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When 1 of 2 viruses that infs a cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein-->nonmutated virus "complements" the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses
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retrograde spread
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toward neuron body
aka centripetal |
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anterograde spread
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toward axon
aka centrifugal |
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respiratory viruses
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all SS linear RNA genome
replicate in cytoplasm (except influenza) |
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Picornavirus
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Icosahedral, no envelope
SS+ linear RNA genome genome translated into one large protein and cleaved by protease to become functional |
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Rhinovirus
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a picornavirus
acid labile: destroyed by stomach acid does not infect GI tract |
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coronavirus
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helical, enveloped
SS+ linear RNA genome |
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cornavirus causes
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome, a serious form of pneumonia
common cold |
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paramyxoviridae
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helical, enveloped
SS- linear RNA genome, nonsegmented surface F (fusion) protein causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse-->multinucleated |
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treatment of paramyxoviridae viruses
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palivizumab = a monoclonal ab against F protein
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morbillivirus (rubeola)
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a paramyxovirdiae virus
causes mealses |
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measles symptoms
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cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
koplic spots precede rash by 1-2 days descending maculopapular rash |
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complications of measles
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encephalitis
giant cell pneumonia |
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paramyxovirus
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a paramyxovirdiae virus
causes parainfluenza (croup) and mumps |
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parainfluenza symptoms
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pulsus paradoxus: down sytolic BP by 10 during inspiration
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mumps symptoms
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parotitis
orchitis aspetic meningitis can cause sterility (esp after puberty) |
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parotitis
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inflammation of parotid glands
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orchitis
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inflammation of the testis
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pneumovirus
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a paramyxoviridae virus
respiratroy syncytial-->respiratory tract inf in infants (bronchiolitis, pneumonia) |
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bronchiolitis
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inflammation of the bronchioles
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treat respiratory synctial
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ribavirin (comp inh IMP dehydrogenase)
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Togavirus
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Icosahedra, enveloped
SS+ linear RNA genome |
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rubella (german measles)
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togavirus
postauricular adenopathy arthralgias fine truncal rash from head to toe but not on hands/feet |
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adenopathy
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swelling of the lymph nodes
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arthralgias
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severe pain in the joint
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congenital rubella
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classic traid:
patent ductus arterious cataracts deafness |
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patent ductus arteriosus
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ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth
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orthomyxoviruses
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influenza
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influenza viral characteristics
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helical, enveloped
-SS linear RNA genome replicates in nucleus |
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influenza surface proteins
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hemagglutinin: promotes viral entry
neuraminidase: promotes progeny virion release |
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Genetic (antigenic) shift
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reassortment of viral genome
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genetic drift
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minor antigen changes based on random mutation
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DNA virus characteristics
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DS, linear genome (except papova and parvo)
Icosahedral replicate in nucleus (except pox) |
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papovavirus characteristics
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no envelope, circular DNA
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papovaviruses
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polyomavirus, papillomavirus,
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BK virus
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in transplant patients
commonly targets the kidneys |
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JC virus causes
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progressive mutltifocal leukoencephalopathy
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progressive mutltifocal leukoencephalopathy
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in HIV PTs
demyelinating = loss of speech, coord, memory |
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Genital HPV
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a papillomavirus
infects squamous epithelial cells warts (1,2,6,11) cervical cancer (16,18) |
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gardasil
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vaccine against 6,11,16,18
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Herpesviruses
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enveloped
alphavirinae HSV-1,2 varicella zoster virus betavirinae gammavirinae |
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HSV-1 (oral herpes)
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latent in trigeminal ganglia
spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis keratoconjuctivitis gingivostomatitis |
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encephalitis
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swelling of the brain
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keratoconjunctivitis
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inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva
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HSV-2 (genital herpes)
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latent in sacral ganglia
can cause neonatal herpes |
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varicella zoster virus
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chickenpox, zoster (shingles)
latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia can cause encephalitis and pneumonia |
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cytomegalovirus
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latent in mononuclear cells
infected cells have owl's eye inclusions infects immunosuppressed |
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complications of cytomegalovirus
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congenital defects
AIDS retinitis Mononucleosis Pneumonia |
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Herpesvirus 6
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roseola (exanthema subitum)
high fever-->seizures diffuse macular rash |
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Roseola
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rose colored rash in children
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epstein barr virus
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latent in B cells
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complications of epstein barr virus
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infectious mononucleosis
burkitt's lymphoma hodgkin's lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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herpesevirus 8
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associated with kaposi's sarcoma
in HIV PTs |
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kaposi's sarcoma
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cancer of the connective tissue
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Tzanck test
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HSV identification
multinucleated giant cells present in open skin lesions |
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HSV identification
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infected cells have intranuclear cowdry A inclusions
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Poxvirus characteristics
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largest DNA virus
has own RNAP complex shape |
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poxviruses
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vaccinia: coxpox
variola: small pox |
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parvovirus characteristics
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no envelope
-SS linear DNA genome smallest DNA virus |
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parvoviruses
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erythrovirus
dependovirus |
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erythrovirus
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aplastic crises in sickle cell disease
slapped cheeks rash in children RBC destruction in fetus Pure RBC aplasia and rhematoid arthritis-like symp in adults |
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aplastic crisis
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body stops making red blood cells
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adenovirus
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no envelope
can cause: febrile pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjuctivitis |
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zovirax (acyclovir)
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treats HSV, VZV, EBV
used on lesions and encephalitis prophylaxis in immunocomp no effect on latent forms |
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zovirax mechanism of action
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nucleoside analogue
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valtrex (valacyclovir)
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prodrug of acyclovir
better oral bioavailability |
