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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viral infection of the skin is divided into 2 |
● Viral disease that cause maculopapular rash ● Viral disease that cause vesicular rash |
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Viral diseases that cause maculopapular rash include |
Mnemonic: R.E.Maculopapular rash ● Rubella ● Measles ● Erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek/5th disease caused by Parvovirus B12) ● Exanthem subitum (roseola infantum/6th disease cause by HHV-6) |
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Rubella is also called |
German measles |
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Characteristics of measles |
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How is measles transmitted |
Via Respiratory droplets |
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Incubation period of measles virus |
10-14 days |
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Measles affects what age group |
Children (it is general knowledge) |
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Clinical signs and symptoms of measles |
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Do patients usually recover from measles |
Yes, Recovery is usual (out of 1000 people with measles, only 1 or 2 die) |
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What eventually happens to the maculopapular rash in measles |
After about 4-5 days, the rash regresses leaving brownish discolouration on the skin and desquamation. |
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To prevent measles, what vaccine is given? What category of vaccine is it? |
● MMR vaccine [for Measles, Mumps and Rubella] ● Live Attenuated vaccine (hence shouldn't be given to immunocompromised persons and pregnant women) |
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Laboratory diagnosis of measles |
Presence of IgM against measles |
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Classification and features of Rubella |
● Family: Togaviridae ● Genus: Rubivirus ● Positive sense, enveloped, ● ssRNA, helical shape. |
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How is rubella transmitted |
By respiratory droplets (just like measles, hence its name "German measles") |
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The target population of this virus is |
Children (just like measles) |
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Incubation period of rubella |
14-21 days |
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Clinical features/Signs and symptoms of Rubella |
It presents almost the same way as Measles save the Koplik's spot |
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Mention the difference between the maculopapular rash of measles and rubella |
● Measles: Rash is red and "confluent" ● Rubella: Rash is red and "discrete" DR. MC (Discrete in Rubella, Confluent in Measles) |
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Mention one distinguishing features of Rubella infection |
● Enlargement of "post-auricular and sub-occipital" lymph nodes. |
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Are rashes always present in Rubella infection |
No, they are usually ABSENT in almost 50% of the infection |
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Prevention, treatment and diagnosis of Rubella |
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Viruses that cause vesicular rash include |
● Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV 1) ● HSV 2 ● Varicella Zoster virus (Chickenpox) ● Herpangina (Coxsackie virus) ● Hand-foot and mouth syndrome (Coxsackie virus) |
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How is varicella zoster virus transmitted |
● "Via respiratory droplets or direct contact with skin lesions" of infected person. |
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Difference between primary and recurrent infection of varicella zoster virus (VZV) |
● Primary(1st) infection of VZV is called Chickenpox/Varicella. ● Recurrent Infection of VZV is called Shingles/Zoster. |
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Clinical features of Chikenpox |
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Where does vesicular rash in chickenpox start |
It starts from the trunk and spreads to face and limbs (this is unlike maculopapular rash that starts from the face and spreads)
Mnemonic: FM TV (Face⇒Maculopapular; Trunk⇒Vesicular) |
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Prevention of varicella zoster virus infection |
● Vaccination (live attenuated vaccine) ● Administered as 1 dose (bcos it is live) ● For Children 1-12 years, teenagers and adults |
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What drug therapy can be used for varicella |
Acyclovir (though it is given to only immunocompromised children. Immunocompetent children don't need it) |
