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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rubella - what does that look like?
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AKA "3 day measels" and "German measels"
1. mild flu like prodrome 2. Rash on forehead, which spreads to face, trunk and extremeties within 24 hours 3. rash disappears completely within 3 days |
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Measles - what does that look like? what symptoms?
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AKA "rubeola", "morbilli"
1. Prodrome: rhinitis, cough, malaise, Koplik's spots: spots on buccal mumous membrane which have a bluish/white dot in the centre 3. Rash on face and neck, spreads to torso and arms in 2-3 days; resolves in 6 days (morbilliform rash) |
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Erythema infectosum - explain
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Slapcheek, Fifth disease
- more common in youth - flu like prodrome - swollen plaques on cheeks & macules/papules on extremeties which are lace-like ("reticular") - facial rash fades over 1-4 days and spreads to trunk etc |
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What is hand foot and mouth disease
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- children less than 10 usually
- 1 day abdominal pain, fever, malaise prodrome - macules/papules --> vesicles --> ulcers - in mouth on hard palate, tongue and buccal mucosa; may discourage eating - on hands and feet, buttocks |
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Meningococcal rash - not viral but what does it look like?
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Sometimes a glass tumbler applied to rash can be used - if the skin doesn't blanch whiter its a bad sign but not definitive
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Chicken pox (Varicella-zoster virus, human herpes virus 3)
- signs and symptoms - complications |
1. 48hr earlier prodrome of fever, malaise, anorexia and abdominal pain (more often in adults)
2. Itchy rash, red papules starting on stomach and spreading on a red base ("dew drop on a rose petal") --> ulcers 3. There may be systemic symptoms: fever, flu-like, diarrhoea, vomiting 4. cellulitis, pneumonia, encephalitis |
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Chicken pox
- isolate? |
- exclusion for at least 5 days, and after the crusts have dried. inform school in case of immunocompromised children.
- stay away from schools, the immunocompromised, newborns, and pregnant women who have not had chicken pox or been vaccinated (malformations most likely in first 20 weeks; at last week increases chance of sill birth) |
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Chicken pox treatment
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Treatments:
- paracetamol, rest (avoid aspirin) - calamine lotion, antihistamine, mittens, lukewarm bath with oatmeal (put a cup in some hose and leave while bath runs), pine tar, dermaveen bath product - bath to remove crusts and cover to prevent infection - acyclovir (systemic) if disseminated or severe illness. |
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Herpes Zoster/Shingles
- symptoms and signs - define post herpetic neuralgia |
- pain, fever, enlarged lymph nodes
- followed within 1-3 days by a blistering rash as for chickenpox - resolves in 2-4/52 (shorter in youth, longer in aged) - persisting pain four 4 weeks after crusting of vesicles (burning, aching, lancing, severe pain in response to non-painful stimuli is v common) |
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Treatment of shingles
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1. bath lesions is saline to remove crusts and cover to prevent reinfection
2. antivirals within 72hr of rash or later if there is opthalmic herpes or immunocompromised 1. famvir 250mg tds 7/7 2. valtrex 1g tds 7/7 3. zovirax 800mg 5x d 7/7 Refer if opthamological involvement |
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Treatment of post herpetic neuralgia
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1. aspirin, paracetamol, NSAID
1. capsaicin (Zostrix) qid - must be regular - 1/3 find initial burning intolerable, can use lignocaine or ice massage first - may take a week to work. 1. lignocaine 5-10% (that would be Itch Eze Plus!) 1. ice massage 2. TENS up to 16x daily for at least 2 weeks, combined with (a) TCA - 10-25mg, increase weekly to 100mg, response rate 40-65% (b) CBZ (50-100mg, increase every 4/7 to 400mg bd) (c) gabapentin (300mg d increasing q4/7 to 300mg tds then 2400mg) Also psychological treatments! |
