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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 2 diseases caused by Canine Adenovirus 1 and 2
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CAV-1: Infectious Canine Hepatitis
CAV-2: Infectious Canine Tracheobronchitis |
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What is the pathogenesis of CAV-1 infection?
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Virus in URINE (major), feces, saliva (minor)->replicates in lymphoid system ->viremia-> lytic infection of endothelial cells ->systemic including hepatic necrosis
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Describe the systemic Dz clinical features in the peracute, acute, and 'mild-dz' form of CAV-1 infection
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Peracute: puppies die of massive liver necrosis
Actue:fever, depression, anorexia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice, DIC Mild Dz: vaccine virus, "Blue Eye" (corneal edema). |
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How is CAV-1 Diagnosed?
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Intranuclear inclusion bodies
VI IHC Serology |
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How is CAV-1 controlled?
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Vaccines for CAV-2 cross protect.
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In what dz is Equine Adenvirus infection often fatal?
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SCID Arabian Foals
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency EAV causes pneumonia in these horses |
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Name the 2 poultry dz caused by adenvirus infections
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Egg Drop Syndrome
Hemmorrhagic Enteritis of Turkeys |
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Describe the basic mechanism of papillomavirus replication
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species specific viruses with tropism for squamous epithelial cells
Virus replication is in sequence with cell differentiation and maturation. Different cell enzymes are expressed at different stages. Latent ->early gene products cause papillom formation ->late gene products cause bountyful DNA replication and cell lysis |
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In horses:
What virus causes warts? What virus causes sarcoids? |
1. Warts = Equine Papillomavirus
2. Sarcoids = Bovine Papillomavirus |
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How are papillomaviruses spread?
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Contaminated fomites, contact
Enters through skin abrasions |
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T or F:
Equine and Canine Warts are a problem in young animals with developing immune systems. These lesions will usually resolve. |
True
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Name the Polyomavirus that is used in hammsters to study virus replication?
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SV40 "Simian Vacuolating Virus 40"
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What are the 2 pathways polyomaviruses can use to cause dz?
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Lytic pathway: new viruses produced, intranuclear inclusion bodies, and lysis
Non-Lytic pathway: non-permissive cells ->transformation (tumor) |
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What type of virus causes Budgerigar Fledgling Dz? Discribe the spread and clinical appearance.
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polyomavirus dz of Psittacines.
Hightly contageous, spread in excretions and feathers Clinical: depression, regurgitation, diarrhea, feather loss, subQ hemorrhage, abnormal feathering (differential is circovirus PBFD) Vaccine available. |
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Name some key features of Herpes Virus infection
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Narrow host range (cause mild dz in natural host, severe dz in closely-related sp.)
Replication in nucleus (intranuclear inclusion bodies) Low mutation rate Latent Infections with recrudesence during stress |
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T or F: Herpes Viruses can spread by fusion to form syncytia.
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True
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What does the generic primary lesion caused by Herpes look like?
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Pustule forms from infected cells, debris ->erosion when pustule bursts.
Pustule is source of cytokines and virus particles for viremia |
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Name the 5 Generic Herpes Virus Disease syndromes.
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1. Rhinotracheitis
2. Disseminated Fatal Dz of neonates 3. Abortions 4. Genital Lesions 5. Encephalitis |
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Describe the generic pathogenesis of Herpes Virus infection.
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very rapid replication in ep. cells, viremia, systemic effects (eg. abortion, encephalitis) or latency.
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How can Herpes Viruses be diagnosed?
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VI
FAT IHC PCR (limited) Serology |
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How can Herpes Virus infections be prevented/controlled?
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management, biosecurity, avoid close contact between horses
Vaccination to reduce dz severity, not prevent infection |
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Name the respiratory dz caused by BHV-1
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Part of the Shipping Fever complex |
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What is the EHV type that causes respiratory dz, abortions, and neurological signs?
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Equine Herpes Virus 1
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Describe the features of EHV-1 and EHV-4 respiratory infection.
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Short incubation (2-10days)
Biphasic Fever Primary infection of young horses serous nasal discharge |
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Name the EHV type that causes abortions and describe the pathogenesis
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EHV-1
Late gestation, following resp. outbreak viremia ->vasculitis ->placental infarcts(no virus in fetus) OR few placental infarcts (virus kills fetus directly) |
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Name the distinctive lesion of EHV-1 infection in an aborted fetus
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multifocal hepatic necrosis
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T or F:
EHV-1 Myeloencephalopathy is caused by infections of the neurons |
False
The neuropathic strains cause a severe vasculitis, thrombosis and hemorrhage in the CNS, including brainstem. |
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Name the disease caused by Porcine Herpesvirus 1
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Pseudorabies
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Name the disease caused by Feline Herpes Virus
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Feline Rhinotracheitis
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Clinically, how can FHV be differentiated from Feline Calicivirus?
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FHV: frothy salivation and corneal ulcers
Calicivirus: oral ulcers |
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What predisposes puppies to Canine Herpes Virus systemic dz?
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Hypothermia favours virus replication
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Which viruses have a role in the Canine Kennel Cough Complex (Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis)?
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Adenovirus
Canine Herpes Virus |
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What causes Infectious Laryngotracheitis aka Fowl Diphteria?
Describe the Dz. |
Gallid Herpes Virus
Necrotizing tracheitis in young chickens Clinically: respiratory signs |
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Describe the lesions of Marek's Dz Virus
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Lymphoproliferative (neoplasia), neurological signs (paralysis, ataxia) b/c neoplastic T-cells invade nerves, eye
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Why should primate pets be discouraged (from a virus point of view)?
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Simian Herpes Virus is zoonotic and has mortality in people
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Name the important veterinary disease caused by a Gamma Herpesvirus
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Malignant Catarrhal Fever
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What is the natural host of Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus?
What species does it cause dz in? |
Sheep and wildebeasts
Cattle/Bison develop a fatal dz |
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Describe the clinical presentation of Malignant Catarrhal Fever.
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fever, diarrhea, serous nasal discharge, corneal edema, quick death
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Describe the lesions of Malignant Catarrhal Fever.
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lymphoproliferative vasculitis (of GIT and Resp. Tract)
Enlarge lymph nodes Erosions |
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What is the relationship between Herpes Virus vaccination and immunity?
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Vaccines give good protection, BUT only short term! Frequent vaccination is necessary for optimal immunity.
Vaccines decrease dz, but don't prevent infection |
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Where do poxviruses replicate? What enzyme do they carry prepackedage in viron and why?
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Cytoplasmic
viral DNA dependent RNA Polymerase -needed right away because of the cytoplasmic replication (can't use the cell's own replicaiton machinery b/c in nucleus) |
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What do poxvirus infected cells look like?
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Bollinger Bodies (intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies from 'virus factories')
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What is the natural host of Monkey Pox virus? Why is it a concern in NA?
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small mammals in Africa
Infected golphers as pets (zoonosis!) Severe rashes and pn'a in people +/- secondary infection |
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Name the virus used to control the rabbit population of Australia. What virus can be used to vaccinate for above?
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Myxovirus
Fibroma virus can be used as a vaccine for Myxovirus infections |
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Describe the 2 forms of Fowlpox virus dz.
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1. Localized to combs/waddles, legs, and cloaca
2. Diptheric in mouth, larynx, trachea |
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Describe Orf
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Contagious Pustular Dermatitis
papules, pustules, crusts on muzzel, lips, tongue, eyelid, teats, feet. Zoonotic! |
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How is African Swine Fever spread? What are the clinical signs?
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Ticks
fever, diarrhea, dyspnea, hemorrhage, high mortality |
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What are the 2 patterns of African Swine Fever epidemiology?
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1. Sylvatic: endemic in warthogs (pigletts are viremic->pass to tick)
2. Domestic: symptomatic infection of domestic swine from garbage feeding, meat products, and ticks. |
