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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuron
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a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses
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Nucleus of a Neuron
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control centre of a nerve cell
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Dendrite
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a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
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Axon
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the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
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Myelin
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a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted
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White & Grey Matter
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White - myelin layer Grey - the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites |
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Myelin Sheath
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a layer of myelin that insulates some nerve cells
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Central Nervous System (CNS) |
the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
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Afferent Nerve
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a nerve which directs the signal towards the CNS
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Efferent Nerve
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a nerve which directs the signal away from the CNS
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Sensory & Motor Nerves
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Sensory - afferent nerves which respond to sensations in and around the body Motor - efferent nerves which cause skeletal muscles to react |
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Somatic Nerves (example & sensory and motor function) |
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Autonomic Nerves (example & sensory and motor function) |
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The Resting State of a Nerve
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Resting Membrane Potential
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
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Sodium Channels
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Depolarization
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Repolarization
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The Threshold (all-or-nothing principle) |
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The Refractory Period
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Synaptic Cleft |
the space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter
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Synapse
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a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
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Synaptic Transmission
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the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron)
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Presynaptic Neuron
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neuron from the axon terminal of which an electrical impulse is transmitted across a synaptic cleft to the cell body or one or more dendrites of a postsynaptic neuron by the release of a chemical neurotransmitter
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Postsynaptic Neuron
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a neuron to the cell body or dendrite of which an electrical impulse is transmitted across a synaptic cleft by the release of a chemical neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron
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Neurotransmitters (excitatory & inhibitory) |
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Postsynaptic Receptor
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How is the neurotransmitter stopped and recycled?
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How an insecticide can poison an animal by interfering with nerve transmission at the synaptic cleft
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Cerebrum
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Cerebral Hemispheres |
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Gray Matter
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White Matter
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Clinical Signs of Cerebral Damage
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Cerebellum (function) |
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Diencephalon (function & location) |
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Thalamus
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Hypothalamus
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Pituitary Gland
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Brain Stem
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Medulla Oblongata
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Pons
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Midbrain
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Meninges
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Meningitis
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Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) |
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CSF Tap |
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Blood-Brain Barrier
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Cranial Nerves |
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Cranial Sensory Nerve
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Cranial Motor Nerve
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Cranial Nerve With Sensory and Motor Function
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Parasympathetic & Sympathetic Nerve System
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Ganglion
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Fight or Flight System |
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Somatic vs. Autonomic Reflexes
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Reflex Arc
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Stretch Reflex
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Withdrawal Reflex
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Cross Extensor Reflex
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Corneal Reflex
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Blink Reflex
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Pupillary Light Reflex
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Consensual Light Reflex
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Anal Reflex
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Proprioception
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The CNS Relating to Hyperreflexive
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The CNS Relating to Hyporeflexive
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The CNS Relating to Normal Reflexes |
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How to localize the site of spinal cord damage using IVDD as an example
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Muscle Atrophy due to -disuse -nerve damage |
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Brachial Plexus (location, signs of damage) |
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Radial Nerve (location, signs of damage) |
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Facial Nerve (location, signs of damage) |
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Sciatic Nerve (location, signs of damage) |
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Spinal Cord Damage (clinical signs, which disappears first: motor function or deep pain sensation) |
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Vagus Nerve (location, what kind of nerve) |
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