Veterinary Anatomy, Muscle 2

Front 1

M. masseter
- pars superficialis
- pars profunda

Back 1

Origin = superficialis: crista/tuber faciale, arcus zygomaticus, profunda: arcus zygomaticus
Insertion = superficialis: margo mandibulae, profunda: lateral ramus mandibulae
Function = bring jaws together, tense them

Front 2

M. temporalis

Back 2

Origin = fossa temporalis
Insertion = processus coronoideus mandibulae
Function = brings jaws together

Front 3

M. pterygoidea
- m. pterygoideus medialis
- m. pterygoideus lateralis

Back 3

Origin = medialis: processus pterygoideus ossis basisphenoidalis, lateralis: os pterygoideum
Insertion = medialis: ramus mandibulae, fossa pterygoidea, lateralis: fovea pterygoideus, processus condylaris mandibulae
Function = raise the mandible, lateral jaw movement

Front 4

M. digastricus
- venter rostralis
- venter caudalis

Back 4

Origin = processus paracondylaris (venter caudalis)
Insertion = medial surface of the mandible (venter rostralis)
Function = depresses the mandible

Front 5

M. iliocostalis
- lumborum
- thoracis
- cervicis

Back 5

Origin = lumborum: crista iliaca, thoracis: processus costales of 1st lumbar vertebra
Insertion = lumborum: last rib, thoracis, caudal border of ribs, cervicis: processus transverus of last 2 cervical vertebrae
Function: stabilizes and extends the spine, expiration

Front 6

M. longissimus lumborum & thoracis

Back 6

Origin = crista iliaca, tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, crista sacralis
Insertion = processus articulares of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

Front 7

Function of m. longissimus

Back 7

Function = stabilizes and dorsally flexes the vertebral column, extension of the vertebral column, flexes the head and neck, rotates the head

Front 8

M. longissimus cervicis

Back 8

Origin = processus spinosi of 4th-7th thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = Processus transversi of caudal cervical vertebrae

Front 9

M. longissimus capitis & atlantis

Back 9

Origin = transverse processus of 1st and 2nd thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = capitis: processus mastoideus ossis temporalis, atlantis: ala atlantis

Front 10

M. spinalis thoracis & cervicis

Back 10

Origin = processus spinosus of lumbar and last 5-6 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = processus spinosus of first 7 thoracic to 4th-6th cervical vertebrae
Function = synergist of m. longissimus

Front 11

M. semispinalis
- m. semispinalis caudalis is fused with m. spinalis
- m. semispinalis capitis has 2 parts - m. biventer cervicis, m. complexus

Back 11

Origin = biventer cervicis: processus transversi of 1st thoracic vertebra, complexus: processus articulares of 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae
Insertion = squama occipitalis and crista nuchae
Function = elevate head and neck, flex head and neck

Front 12

M. splenius
- 2 parts
- m. splenius cervicis
- m. splenius capitis

Back 12

Origin = processus spinosi of cranial thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = cervicis: processus transversi of 3rd-5th thoracic vertebrae, capitis: processus mastoideus ossis temporalis and crista nuchae
Function = extends the neck, elevates the head

Front 13

M. rotatores

Back 13

Origin = processus transversi
Insertion = cranially to processus spinosus
Function = rotate the cranial part of the thoracic vertebral column

Front 14

M. interspinales

Back 14

Origin = processus spinosus
Insertion = cranially to next processus spinosus
Function = rotate the cranial part of the thoracic vertebral column

Front 15

M. intertransversarii

Back 15

Origin = processus transversus
Insertion = next processus transversus
Function = stabilize and flex the cervical and lumbar vertebral column

Front 16

M. rectus capitis dorsalis major and intermedius

Back 16

Origin = processus spinosus of the axis
Insertion = squama occipitalis

Front 17

M. rectus capitis dorsalis minor

Back 17

Origin = arcus dorsalis atlantis
Insertion = condylus occipitalis
Function = extend the atlantooccipital joint and raise the head

Front 18

M. obliquus capitis cranialis

Back 18

Origin = atlas
Insertion = processus paracondylaris
Function = flexes the joints of the head, inclines the head to the side

Front 19

M. obliquus capitis caudalis

Back 19

Origin = processus spinosus of the acis
Insertion = ala atlantis
Function = rotates the axis and thus the head around the dens axis

Front 20

M. longus colli pars thoracica and cervicales

Back 20

Origin = 6th thoracic vertebra
Insertion = first cervical vertebra
Function = flexes the neck

Front 21

M. longus capitis

Back 21

Origin = processus transversus of 2nd and 4th cervical vertebrae
Insertion = tuberculum musculare partis basilaris ossis occipitalis
Function = flex atlantooccipital joint, depress the head

Front 22

M. rectus capitis ventralis

Back 22

Origin = arcus ventralis atlantis
Insertion = pars basilaris ossis occipitalis
Function = ventrally flex the atlantooccipital joint

Front 23

M. rectus capitis lateralis

Back 23

Origin = ala atlantis
Insertion = processus paracondylaris
Function = flexes the atlantooccipital joint

Front 24

M. scaleni
- m. scalenus dorsalis
- m. scalus medius
- m. scalenus ventralis

Back 24

Origin = dorsalis: 2nd-4th ribs, medius & ventralis: 1st rib
Insertion = processus transversi of 3rd-6th (D), 4th-7th (M), 3rd (V) cervical vertebrae
Function = flexors of the neck

Front 25

M. brachiocephalicus
- m. cleidobrachialis
- m. cleidocephalicus pars mastoidea and occipitalis

Back 25

Origin = brachium/antebrachium (cleidobrachialis)
Insertion = mastoidea: processus mastoideus ossis temporalis, occipitalis: os occipitale
Function = brings the forelimb forward, fixes the head and neck

Front 26

M. sternocephalicus
- pars mandibularis
- pars mastoidea

Back 26

Origin = manubrium sternae
Insertion = mandibularis: fascia masseterica, arcus zygomatica, mastoidea: processus mastoideus ossis temporalis
Function = stabilize and depress the head and neck

Front 27

M. trapezius
- pars cervicalis and thoracis

Back 27

Origin = funiculus nuchae, 1st-2nd thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = spina scapulae
Function = fixes thoracic limb to the trunk, abducts the scapula

Front 28

M. rhomboideus cervicis & thoracis

Back 28

Origin = funiculus nuchae, spinosus of 2nd-8th thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = medial cartilago scapulae
Function = fixes the scapula to the trunk, pulls the scapula forward

Front 29

M. omotransversarius

Back 29

Origin = processus transversus of 2nd-4th cervical vertebrae and ala talnatis
Insertion = spina scapulae
Function = fixes the scapula to the trunk, lifts the forelimb forward

Front 30

M. latissimus dorsi

Back 30

Origin = thoracolumbar fascia and processus spinosus of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = tuberositas teres major
Function = fixes the thoracic limb to the trunk, fixes the shoulder joint

Front 31

M. serratus ventralis cervicis and thoracis

Back 31

Origin = cervicis: processus transversi of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae, thoracis: first 7-9 ribs
Insertion = cervicis: medial scapula, thoracis: scapula
Function = connection between thoracic wall and forelimb, raises the neck

Front 32

M. pectorales superficiales
- m. pectoralis descendens
- m. pectoralis transversus

Back 32

Origin = sternum
Insertion = crista humeri, antebrachial fascia
Function = fixes the forelimb to the trunk, adducts the forelimb, extends the humeral joint

Front 33

M. pectoralis profundus/ascendens

Back 33

Origin = sternum
Insertion = tuberculum majus and minus humeri
Function = fixes the forelimb to the trunk, adducts the forelimb, extends the humeral joint

Front 34

M. subclavius

Back 34

Origin = 1st rib
Insertion = medial surface of brachiocephalicus
Function = synergist of pectoral muscles

Front 35

M. serratus dorsalis cranialis

Back 35

Origin = processus spinosus of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = ribs 5-7
Function = inspiration

Front 36

M. serratus dorsalis caudalis

Back 36

Origin = processus spinosi of last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae
Insertion = last ribs
Function = expiration

Front 37

M. intercostales externi

Back 37

Fibres run caudoventrally
Function = inspiration

Front 38

M. intercostales interni

Back 38

Fibres rub cranioventrally
Function = expiration

Front 39

M. levatores costarum

Back 39

Origin = processus transversus and mamillares of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = cranial border of the angle of the adjacent rib
Function = inspiration

Front 40

M. rectus thoracis

Back 40

Origin = cartilage of 1st or 2nd rib
Insertion = cartilage of 3rd of 4th rib
Function = inspiration

Front 41

M. retractor costae

Back 41

Origin = processus transversus of first lumbar vertebrae
Insertion = caudal border of last rib
Function = expiration

Front 42

M. transversus thoracis

Back 42

Origin = thoracic surface of costa cartilage of true ribs
Insertion = medial surface of costochondral joints of true rubs
Function = expiration

Front 43

M. obliquus externus abdominis
- crus laterale
-crus mediale

Back 43

Origin = lateral surface of 4th/5th to last rib
Insertion = crus mediale: linea alba, crus laterale: lig. inguinale, lig. pubicum craniale
Fibres run caudoventrally

Front 44

M. obliquus internus abdominis

Back 44

Origin = tuber coxae, lig. inguinale, processus transversus of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion = linea alba, last rib
Fibres rub cranioventrally

Front 45

M. transversus abdominis

Back 45

Origin = lumbar vertebrae, medial surface of sternal ribs
Insertion = linea alba

Front 46

M. rectus abdominis

Back 46

Origin = costal cartilage of last sternal ribs
Insertion = linea alba, pecten ossis pubis