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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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removes carbon dioxide and water vapor
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Respiratory system
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eliminate water, salts and a small amount of urea
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Sweat glands
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removes bile salts and bile pigments
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Digestive system
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removes urea, salts, excess water and other soluble waste products
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Urinary system
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Micturation –
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urination
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Uresis –
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urination
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Anuria –
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no urine formation
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Oliguria –
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diminished urine formation
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Diuresis –
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increased urination
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– pertains to Kidney
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Neprho
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pertains to Kidney
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Renal
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– glucose in urine
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Glycosuria
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– protein in urine
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Proteinuria
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Post renal Uremia
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Usually associated with an obstruction that prevents urine from being expelled from the body
Tumors, blood clots, uroliths (stones) Eventually, urine backs up into the nephrons resulting in damage |
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Prerenal uremia
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Due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys
Dehydration, Congestive heart failure, shock |
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Renal uremia
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Inability of the kidney to adequately regulate urine production because of damage to nephrons
Toxins, inflammation, infections 2/3 of the total nephrons must be nonfunctional before signs of renal uremia are evident |
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Uremia
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build up of waste materials in the blood (toxic)
3 Catagories Prerenal Uremia Renal Uremia Postrenal Uremia |
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Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
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Most important role in regulating urine volume
Released from the posterior pituitary Acts on DCT to promote water reabsorbtion |
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Diabetes Insipidus
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absent or decreased levels of ADH
H20 will not be reabsorbed resulting in Polyuria |
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Aldosterone
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Released from the adrenal cortex
Acts on DCT and collecting ducts to promote Na+ reabsorption Water follows sodium osmotically but requires sufficient ADH to be present |
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Urine Volume is determined by the amount of water in the tubular filtrate when it reaches the renal pelvis
2 Hormones responsible for the majority of regulation |
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – secreted by posterior pituitary gland
Aldosterone – secreted by the adrenal cortex |
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Glycosuria
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Glucose draws water out with it resulting in high urine production (Polyuria:PU) due to osmotic diuresis
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(Polydipsia:PD)
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Animal drinks more to make up for increased H2O loss in urine
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PU/PD are nonspecific clinical signs of disease; however,linked with ____suspect diabetes
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glucosuria
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urinary anatomy
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two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, one urethra
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Ureters
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Deliver urine to bladder
Oblique entry preventing retrograde flow but does not prevent urine from entering bladder Inner layer – Transitional epithelium (stretches!) Smooth muscle layer creates waves analogous to peristalsis in the small intestine |
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Bladder
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Reservoir; stretches as it fills (Transitional epithelium)
Neck Smooth muscle layers in longitudinal, oblique and circular layers Urethral sphincter – skeletal muscle; under conscious control |
