Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How is form related to function |
Form permits function. |
|
|
Proportional change in size and shape |
Allometry |
|
|
Fast growth (Allometry) |
Positive Allometry |
|
|
Slow growth (Allometry) |
Negative Allometry |
|
|
Decrease in cell number and/or size |
Atrophy |
|
|
Increased cell size |
Hypertrophy |
|
|
Increased number of cells |
Hyperplasia |
|
|
Change of cell type |
Metaplasia |
|
|
Enlargement of organ or tissue due to cell stress |
Dyplasia |
|
|
Perspective of change advocated by naturalists |
Immutability of species |
|
|
'Immutability of species' is advocated by |
Carl von Linnaeus |
|
|
Slime to fish and other scaly landforms (evolutionary perspective by?) |
Anaximander |
|
|
Disembodied organs joined together to form an organism |
Empedocles |
|
|
"Continued use of a certain organ will lead to its development" |
Jean Baptiste Lamarck |
|
|
Theory of Catastrophism (who developed this theory and explain) |
Georges Cuvier- after a catastrophe, new species emerge (abrupt change of old species) |
|
|
Slow changes in earth leads to slow changes in organisms |
Charles Lyell |
|
|
Theory of Uniformitarianism |
James Hutton |
|
|
Survival of the fittest |
Alfred Russel Wallace |
|
|
Evolution is gradual and slow. He proposed the natural selection. |
Charles Darwin |
|
|
4 mechanisms of Microevolution |
1. Natural Selection 2. Migration 3. Genetic Drift 4. Mutation |
|
|
3 Effects of Natural Selection and describe each |
1. Stabilizing selection- removes extreme phenotypes 2. Direction selection- favors 1 extreme phenotype 3. Disruptive selection- favors either 1 extreme phenotypes |
|
|
4 mechanisms of Macroevolution |
1. Preadaptation 2. Mechanisms (stasis and mass extinction) 3. Adaptive radiation 4. Coevolution |
|
|
Process by which variants are produced |
Speciation |
|
|
4 modes of speciation and describe each |
1. Allopatric- geographical isolation 2. Peripatric- small population at edge of larger population 3. Parapatric- no random copulation 4. Sympatric- random mating |
|
|
Original/ ancestral condition |
Plesiomorphy |
|
|
Shared ancestral features |
Symplesiomorphy |
|
|
Changed condition |
Apomorphy |
|
|
Shared changed features |
Synapomorphy |
|
|
Unique features |
Autapomorphy |
|
|
Similarity in ancestry |
HOMOLOGOUS |
|
|
Similarity in function |
ANALOGOUS |
|
|
Similarity in appearance |
HOMOPLASY |
|
|
Grade vs Clade |
Grade- organisms are ranked. Evolution stops at highest rank Clade- all organisms are equal |
|
|
Change is slow, consistent (patterns of phylogeny) |
Phyletic gradualism |
|
|
Change is rapid over few generations. Angular graph |
Punctuated equilibrium |
|
|
Racapitulation; descendant species as embryos resemble the adult stages of ancestor (not absolute) |
BIOGENETICS LAW |
|
|
Development proceeds from general to specific. Embryos of descendant and ancestor are similar. |
VON BAER'S LAW |
|
|
Receptor involved in fertilization |
Z3 receptor |
|
|
Epimere differentiates into clusters of loosely whorled mesenchymal cells called? |
Somitomeres |
|
|
Somitomeres give rise to ??? |
Face jaw throat |
|
|
? somitomeres in amniotes and teleosts; ? in amphibians and sharks |
7;4 |
|
|
Clusters of mesoderm separated by clefts between somitomeres |
Somites |
|
|
Somites split into 3 mesodermal population (enumerate), each gives rise to (enumerate) |
1. Dermatome- skin muscles 2. Myotome- body muscles 3. Sclerotome- vertebrae |
|
|
Mesodermal derivative that gives rise to the nephric ridge and portions of the kidney |
Mesomere |
|
|
The hypomere is delineated into an outer mesodermal sheet, called?, and an inner mesodermal sheet, called? |
Somatic mesoderm; Splanchic mesoderm |
|
|
Describes an evolutionary change in the relative time that a feature appears in a species development |
Heterochrony |
|
|
Morphological result of hererochrony |
Paedomorphosis and peramorphosis |
