Vert. - Test 1

Front 1

Notochord

Back 1

rod of tissue that supports body

Front 2

Hepatic portal system

Back 2

from GI tract to liver

Front 3

Ostracoderms

Back 3

"shell-skinned" fish. Jawless, extinct.

Front 4

Agnatha

Back 4

Jawless. Most primitive

Front 5

Cyclostomata Orders & examples

Back 5

Petromyzontiformes- Lamprey
Myxiniformes- Hagfish

Front 6

Placoderms

Back 6

1st jawed vertebrate (extinct)

Front 7

Chondricthyes

Back 7

Sharks & rays

Front 8

Chondricthyes Subclasses

Back 8

Elasmobranchii
Holocephali

Front 9

Osteichthyes

Back 9

Bony fish

Front 10

Osteichthyes classes

Back 10

Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii

Front 11

Charles Lineas

Back 11

Binomial nomenclature guy

Front 12

Rhinodon

Back 12

Whale Shark

Front 13

Diadromous

Back 13

can go btwn fresh & salt water

Front 14

Anadromous

Back 14

Reproduce in fresh, then migrate to sea to mature

Front 15

Oncorhynchus

Back 15

Pacific Salmon

Front 16

Catadromous

Back 16

Reproduce in sea, then migrate to fresh to mature.

Front 17

Anquilla

Back 17

Freshwayer eels

Front 18

Ectotherm

Back 18

"cold-blooded". Controls temp. through external means.

Front 19

Endotherm

Back 19

Internal temp. control.

Front 20

Periophthalmus

Back 20

Mudskipper. Carries water in gill sac, climbs trees.

Front 21

Protopterus

Back 21

Lungfish

Front 22

Dermatocranium

Back 22

bone from skin

Front 23

Chondrocranium

Back 23

cartilaginous cover

Front 24

Splanchnocranium

Back 24

derived from gill arches

Front 25

Cyclostomes

Back 25

Most primitive fish. No jaw.

Front 26

Osteichthyes skull

Back 26

Many dermal bones, lots of kinesis.

Front 27

# fish gill arches

Back 27

6

Front 28

# shark gill arches

Back 28

5

Front 29

# Teleost gill arches

Back 29

4

Front 30

Gill lamellae

Back 30

soft filaments on rakers. Take O2 from water.

Front 31

1st gill arch

Back 31

Manibular. Palatoquadrate & Meckel's Cartilage.

Front 32

2nd gill arch (name & function)

Back 32

Hyomandibular. Attaches 1st arch to rest of cranium.

Front 33

Amphicoelous definition

Back 33

both surfaces are concave

Front 34

Myotome

Back 34

Muscle segment

Front 35

Fish circulatory order

Back 35

Heart--->gills--->body--->heart

Front 36

Renal portal system

Back 36

Drains caudal vein into kidney

Front 37

Chaenocephalus

Back 37

Ice fish

Front 38

No air bladder

Back 38

Flounder
Mackerel

Front 39

Physostomous air bladder

Back 39

evagination from pharynx. Fill by gulping air.

Front 40

Physoclistous air bladder

Back 40

not attached to pharynx. Filled by circulatory system.

Front 41

Ostariophysi

Back 41

2nd largest superorder of fish. Have Weberian ossicles.

Front 42

Weberian ossicles

Back 42

modified vertebrae that connect air bladder to ear

Front 43

Holonephros

Back 43

"hypothetical"

Front 44

Pronephros

Back 44

Transitional type. Kidney of larval cyclostomes.

Front 45

Mesonephros

Back 45

Embryonic amniotes & adult fishes.

Front 46

Metanephros

Back 46

In land vertebrates

Front 47

Opisthonephros

Back 47

In adult fishes

Front 48

Oviparous

Back 48

Eggs develop externally

Front 49

Ovoviviparous

Back 49

Egg developes inside body, but there is no placenta. The egg hatches inside parent.

Front 50

Viviparous

Back 50

Live birth

Front 51

Chemoreceptors

Back 51

taste & smell.
Well-developed in fish & amphibians

Front 52

Olfactory pits

Back 52

have concentrated chemoreceptors

Front 53

Dipnoan

Back 53

Lungfish

Front 54

Anableps

Back 54

"4-eyed fish"
Lenses divided into sections that allow separate focusing.

Front 55

Purpose of fish ears?

Back 55

Balance

Front 56

Lateral line

Back 56

Neuromasts (receptors) feel water currents.

Front 57

Parathyroid

Back 57

Helps w/ calcium metabolism.
NOT IN FISHES.

Front 58

Placoid scales

Back 58

Sharks & rays.

Front 59

Ganoid

Back 59

Gars. (diamonds)

Front 60

Cosmoid scale

Back 60

Lobe-finned fishes.
(Oval-ish)

Front 61

Cycloid

Back 61

Reptiles. (Circles)

Front 62

Ctenoid

Back 62

Fish w/ spiny finned rays (bass, etc.)
Circles w/ toothed outer edge.

Front 63

Melanin

Back 63

Browns & blacks

Front 64

Carotinoids

Back 64

Reds & oranges

Front 65

Guanine crystals

Back 65

Iridocyte.
Silver foil-y tinge.

Front 66

Remora

Back 66

"Sucker fish"
Dorsal fin modified as sucker.

Front 67

Sarcopterygii

Back 67

"Fleshy-finned fish"
Class of Osteichthyes.

Front 68

Scorpaenidae

Back 68

"Scorpion fish" family. Includes Lionfish

Front 69

Pterois

Back 69

Lionfish.
In the family Scorpaenidae.

Front 70

Ichthyosarcotoxism

Back 70

Poisoning from the ingestion of a poisonous fish.

Front 71

Cause bioluminescence

Back 71

Luciferin & Luciferase
Electric organs
Bacteria

Front 72

Photophores

Back 72

Special organs w/ luminescent bacteria

Front 73

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Back 73

Used by sharks to detect electric currents

Front 74

Mormyrid
(name & what is special)

Back 74

"Freshwater Elephant Fish".
Generate electric field to sense surroundings, communicate.

Front 75

Electrophorus electricus

Back 75

Electric eel

Front 76

Electric Ray genus

Back 76

Torpedo

Front 77

Amphibian skulls

Back 77

2 Occipital condyles
Incompletely ossified- cranial kinesis.

Front 78

Amphibians evolved from

Back 78

Rhipidistians (Sarcopterygii)

Front 79

Amphibians 1st appeared

Back 79

Devonian

Front 80

Ichthyostegalia

Back 80

First landliving verts. Evolved into amphibians

Front 81

Zygapophyses

Back 81

Protrusions on vertebrae to make spine more stable & provide for muscle attachment

Front 82

Labyrinthodont

Back 82

maze-like teeth
Also precursor to land amphibians-oldest SC of amphibians.

Front 83

Ascaphus

Back 83

Tailed frog

Front 84

Pipidae

Back 84

Tongueless frog

Front 85

Xenopus

Back 85

African clawed frog

Front 86

Pipa

Back 86

Surinam toad

Front 87

Alytes

Back 87

Midwife toad

Front 88

Pelobatidae

Back 88

Spadefoot toads

Front 89

Scapheopus

Back 89

Southern spadefoot toad

Front 90

Bufonidae

Back 90

Common toads

Front 91

Bufo marinus

Back 91

Marine toad

Front 92

Dendrobatidae

Back 92

Poison arrow frogs

Front 93

Hylidae

Back 93

Tree frogs

Front 94

Source of Curare

Back 94

Dendrobates

Front 95

Ranidae

Back 95

True frogs

Front 96

Rana

Back 96

Common leopard frog

Front 97

Rhacophoridae

Back 97

Shrub frogs

Front 98

Rhacoporus

Back 98

Javan flying frog

Front 99

Caudata

Back 99

Salamander

Front 100

Crytobranchidae

Back 100

Giant salamanders

Front 101

Ambrystoma

Back 101

Mole salamanders (Axolotl)

Front 102

Neotenic

Back 102

Larval form can breed

Front 103

Salamandridae

Back 103

Newts

Front 104

Genus of Salamandridae

Back 104

Triturus

Front 105

Amphiuma

Back 105

Congo eels

Front 106

Plethodontidae

Back 106

Lungless salamanders

Front 107

Typhlomolge rathbuni

Back 107

Texas blind salamander

Front 108

Necturus

Back 108

Mudpuppies

Front 109

Caecilians

Back 109

Look like giant earthworms

Front 110

Amplexus

Back 110

Male hooks onto females back & stimulates her. She releases eggs, and then he fertilizes them.

Front 111

Parotid gland

Back 111

Poison gland found on backs of amphibians.

Front 112

Tubular glands

Back 112

Found on chin of salamanders. Attracts females.

Front 113

Lipophore

Back 113

Red, orange, yellow chromatophores.

Front 114

Melanophore

Back 114

Brown & black chromatophores

Front 115

Guanophore

Back 115

analogous to iridiocytes of fishes (pearly)

Front 116

Amphibian digits

Back 116

4 in front, 5 in back

Front 117

Prehallux

Back 117

6 digits

Front 118

Scaphiopus couchi

Back 118

Spadefoot toad

Front 119

Metatarsal tubercle

Back 119

Prehallux adaptation modified for digging

Front 120

Cladoselache

Back 120

Primitive shark from Devonian

Front 121

Batoidea

Back 121

Rays & Skates

Front 122

SC of cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyes)

Back 122

Holocephali

Front 123

Osteichthyes SC

Back 123

Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii