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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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For each of the following sentences, identify the gerund phrase if there is one. Also, identify its function within the sentence. (flip for definition)
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A GERUND is an -ing verb that is not functioning as a verb. It functions as a noun within a sentence. Thus, it can be a subject, SC, DO, IO, or OP within a clause.
A gerund may be one word by itself, or it may have a phrase with it. Its phrase are all the words that modify the verb or are connected to that verb. Since they always function as nouns, gerund phrases can be replaced by a pronoun, like "it," in a sentence, and the sentence will still make sense. |
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Traveling may seem expensive, but it isn’t.
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traveling, subject
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My cat’s favorite pastime is sleeping.
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sleeping, SC
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Have you been watching me the entire time?
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none
*Watching does end in -ing, but it is functioning verb here. One way to know that is because a "be" verb comes before it. |
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Although she is 98, my grandmother enjoys walking.
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walking, DO
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I have been carrying your bag for far too long.
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none
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I wish she would stop her teasing.
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teasing, DO
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That bully needs a lesson in kindness because he is getting away with too many things these days.
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none
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For singing at the concert last night, you will win a wooden plaque.
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singing at the concert last night, OP
*This sentence has a gerund phrase because "at the concert" modifies the gerund "singing," and "last night" modifies the word "concert" that goes with the gerund. They all go together. |
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Speeding is not exactly a criminal offense, but it looks bad on your record.
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speeding, subject
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Are you going to the Christmas party with Jan and me?
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none
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They say that knowledge is power, but knowing is only half the battle.
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knowing, subject
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Driving requires a lot of concentration.
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Driving, subject
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In my high school music class, our grades were based on our singing.
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Singing, OP
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Failing is simply not an option for someone as smart as you.
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Failing, subject
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One of the most valuable aspects of the secular Christmas season is the giving.
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Giving, SC
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If you have you ever tried speed-walking, you would know that it is not easy.
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Speed-walking, DO
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With finals in the near future, cramming is what many students resort to.
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Cramming, subject
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You must resist the urge to cram and instead choose studying.
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Studying, DO
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I wish my roommate would quit her complaining because I have a lot to do too.
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her complaining, DO
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Angry debating doesn’t really solve problems; it only makes people more adamant about their opinions.
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Angry debating, subject
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A popular sport in America is baseball, but the most popular worldwide is fishing.
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Fishing, SC
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Without careful planning, most teachers have disorganized classes.
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careful planning, OP
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I cannot believe that you liked going to those places that have so much crime.
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going to those places that have so much crime, DO
*This is the entire gerund phrase. It is all replaceable with "it," and all goes together. |
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We enjoy singing.
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singing, DO
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We enjoy singing with our church.
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singing with out church, DO
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We enjoy singing carols with our church.
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singing carols with our church, DO
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Keeping a light on in the house often deters burglars.
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Keeping a light on in the house, subject
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Some burglars, like the ones in Home Alone, are persistent in attempting their heist.
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Attempting their heist, OP
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Why are you smiling so smugly after that woman’s unfortunate accident?
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none
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I watched that movie last night and was wondering if having so many perfect coincidences is really believable.
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Having so many perfect coincidences, subject
*It is not the subject of the main clause but of the dependent clause. |
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After making a promise, you should always honor your word and do what you said.
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Making a promise, OP
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Running that booth at the fall festival was an easy task for John, who had organized the entire festival by himself last year.
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Running that booth at the fall festival, subject
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From famously humble beginnings, Abraham Lincoln rose in the political world until he became president in the 1860s.
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Famously humble beginnings, OP
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While I was whistling down the sidewalk, I didn’t realize that someone was following closely behind me.
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none
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Protesting on public university grounds is permitted but not strongly recommended.
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Protesting on public university grounds, subject
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A better, more worthwhile activity would be going to the places that need the help.
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Going to the places that need the help, SC
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Despite what some people think, destroying a building can be a complicated process.
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Destroying a building, subject
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Her face glows with a subtle pride after seeing her son in the second-grade play.
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Seeing her son in the second-grade play, OP
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Without eliminating any of my sentences, could you make my paper more concise?
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Eliminating any of my sentences, OP
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You must stop forgetting the title page on your long essays.
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Forgetting the title page on your long essays, DO
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A bad habit that can be hard to break is gossiping about friends behind their backs.
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Gossiping about friends behind their backs, SC
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After you have tried sewing a dress for yourself, then I will let you tell me how easy you think it is.
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Sewing a dress for yourself, DO
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Be careful with handling hot casseroles from the oven because you can easily get burned.
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Handling hot casseroles from the oven, OP
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If you insist on it, icing the cake can be your duty for this wedding.
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Icing the cake, subject
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Please stop jumping to conclusions, and listen to me for one second.
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Jumping to conclusions, DO
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I don’t like killing insects, but I don’t mind when other people kill them for me.
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Killing insects, DO
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After you pour the drinks for all of our party guests, you should start ladling out the tomato soup.
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Ladling out the tomato soup, DO
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Managing an office of three people is not difficult, but an office of thirty people is a completely different story.
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Managing an office of three people, subject
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Since discovering that students with A’s in classes are exempt from finals, many students are working harder.
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Discovering that students with A’s in classes are exempt from finals, OP
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My closest human friend is my roommate Katie, but a better source of support and encouragement is writing in my journal.
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Writing in my journal, SC
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For each of the following sentences, identify the gerund phrase if there is one. Also, identify its function within the sentence. (flip for definition)
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INFINITIVES follow the pattern to + verb. They can function as nouns, adverbs, or adjectives.
An infinitive phrase may simply be to +verb or it may be a longer phrase. Its entire phrase are all the words that modify the verb or are connected to that verb. As nouns, infinitives occupy the subject, SC, DO, IO, or OP slot in a sentence. Most often, they are subjects or DO. As adverbs, infinitives answer the question "why?" or they come after adjectives. As adjectives, infinitives come after nouns and describe them. |
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To sleep was a relief.
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to sleep, noun
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To sleep in my own bed was a relief.
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to sleep in my own bed, noun
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To sleep peacefully with a pillow was a relief.
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to sleep peacefully with a pillow, noun
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I am going to the store after school; do you need anything?
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none
*This sentence does have the word "to," but there is no verb after "to," so here it is a preposition. |
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To wait seemed pointless when everyone else was leaving.
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to wait, noun
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Even though everyone wanted to leave, I persuaded them otherwise.
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to leave, noun
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I went to McDonald’s after work for a small box of fries.
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none
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Will you be traveling to the museum during your vacation?
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none
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To make that cookie recipe from scratch is certainly a time-consuming task.
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to make that cookie recipe from scratch, noun
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I have always loved to give cards to my relatives for even the less significant holidays.
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to give cards to my relatives for even the less significant holidays, noun
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Are you exhausted from trying to lift 100 pound dumb-bells?
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to lift 100 pound dumb-bells, noun
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To be patient with everyone is hard.
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to be patient, noun
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He agreed to help me with the play.
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to help me with the play, noun
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The definition of happiness is to feel joy and satisfaction.
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to feel joy and satisfaction, noun
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We intended to get an early start for our trip, but the weather had other plans.
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To get an early start for our trip, noun
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Her ambition is to earn a doctorate in philosophy someday.
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To earn a doctorate in philosophy someday, noun
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We began to learn after the teaching adjusted her teaching style.
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To learn, noun
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To fail at one sport does not mean that you will fail at every sport.
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To fail at one sport, noun
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Sometimes, to try is enough of an effort even if you do not succeed.
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To try, noun
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He wanted to paint a mural in the hallway, but the administration denied his request.
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To paint a mural in the hallway, noun
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To complete the training for the new technology program will take at least five months.
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To complete the training for the new technology program, noun
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The medical lab assistant offered to adjust his dosage on the vaccine.
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to adjust his dosage on the vaccine, noun
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I wanted badly to win the contest, but so did a million other people.
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to win the contest, noun
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To win the contest, I submitted a five-page essay about my career.
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to win the contest, adverb
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My classmate will be here in twenty minutes to discuss our group project.
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to discuss our group project, adverb
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The best day to get extra rest is Sunday.
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to get extra rest, adjective
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The purpose of the assignment was to engage our critical thinking skills.
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to engage our critical thinking skills, noun
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At first, the candidate was reluctant to run for office.
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to run for office, adverb
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They say that through a man’s stomach is the way to his heart.
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to his heart, adjective
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Hunting dogs are specifically trained to seek out prey.
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to seek out prey, adverb
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What exactly is to be discussed during the next class period?
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to be discussed during the next class period, noun
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To marry in a church, you need to find a pastor.
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to marry in a church, adverb
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Before I left the house, my mother reminded my sister to buy two cartons of milk.
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my sister to buy two cartons of milk, noun
*"My sister" is included as part of the infinitive phrase because it is the actor of the infinitive. Sometimes infinitive phrases have actors when they function as DO and the actor cannot logically be an IO in the sentence. |
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They asked me to prepare the meal.
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to prepare the meal, noun
*"Me" is not the actor of the infinitive phrase because it makes sense as the IO of the main verb "asked" instead. |
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Wise fathers will discipline their children and not allow them to slack in their schoolwork.
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them to slack in their schoolwork, noun
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We started to play the piece, but then the conductor stopped us.
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to play the piece, noun
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She pretended not to notice that the good-looking man was staring at her.
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not to notice that the good-looking man was staring at her, noun
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He asked the employee to reconsider his decision, but I had made up my mind.
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the employee to reconsider his decision, noun
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After all, the supervisor had hired the budget analyzer to take charge of their finances.
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to take charge of their finances, adverb
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I wanted my professor to give us a review sheet for the final, but he refused.
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my professor to give us a review sheet for the final, noun
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To be objective in making this decision is difficult.
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To be objective in making this decision, noun
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Are you independent enough to support yourself after graduation?
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To support yourself after graduation, adverb
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Would you like to be my look-out if anyone comes by?
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To be my look-out, noun
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The neighbor children knocked on the door to see if my son was home.
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To see if my son was home, adverb
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Did she have time to feed the animals outside before it snowed?
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To feed the animals outside, adjective
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The carpenter tried to give the homeowners advice, but they wouldn’t listen to him.
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To give the homeowners advice, noun
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To play tennis every day is tiring and time-consuming unless you are a professional tennis player.
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To play tennis every day, noun
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To make new friends at work, you must branch out of your comfort zone.
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To make new friends at work, adverb
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I took out a loan to pay for my last year of school.
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To pay for my last year of school, adverb
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For each of the following sentences, identify the participial phrase if there is one. (flip for definition)
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A PARTICIPLE is an -ing or -ed verb that functions as an adjective.
A participle may be one word by itself, or it may have a phrase with it. Its participial phrase are all the words that modify the verb or are connected to that verb. Irregular verbs may not always have an -ed or -ing ending as a participle. Some have -en endings too. Since participles are just adjectives, they are removable from a sentence, so if you have removed the entire phrase, the leftover sentence will still make sense. Since they always function as nouns, gerund phrases can be replaced by a pronoun, like "it," in a sentence, and the sentence will still make sense. |
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The puppy was spotted.
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spotted
*Many participles are SC. |
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The crying baby needed his mother’s attention.
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crying
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The answer given was incorrect.
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given
*Participles can come after the noun they modify as well as before. |
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The half-eaten piece of cake lay in the trash.
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half-eaten
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Their chosen topic of conversation was dull.
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chosen
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The stolen umbrella was soon returned.
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stolen
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The jumping bean jumped.
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jumping
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The concealed child had hidden for the game.
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concealed
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The married couple chose to honeymoon at Niagra Falls.
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married
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Once they arrived there, they settled into their hotel room.
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none
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The kind-looking bell boy carried their bags up the stairs for them.
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kind-looking
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The room was spacious but lacked any windows.
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none
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The couple found this fact troubling, so they went to speak to the manager, who had falsely advertised the room.
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troubling
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When they had spoken to the manager over the phone, he assured them that the room had a fantastic view.
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none
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Unfortunately, the manager was not there; he had also just gotten married and was honeymooning in Jamaica.
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none
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Since he is a workaholic, he would’ve stayed there for his honeymoon if his new wife hadn’t wanted to visit Jamaica.
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none
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The couple decided to put-up with the wrongly-advertised room because even without windows, it wasn’t so bad.
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wrongly-advertised
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They could still hear the rushing falls outside their hotel room even without windows.
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rushing
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Once upon a time, there was a man who had an obsession with colored paper.
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colored
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Every time he saw one, he would become angry and snatch the paper from its surprised owner.
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surprised
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Since he lived in a small town, everyone knew him and put up with his well-known obsession.
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Well-known
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Eventually, a young woman moved into town from the West Coast who had never heard of this man’s tendency to take colored paper.
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colored
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She was a newly-hired teacher who loved to use red paper for her students’ quizzes.
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Newly-hired
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One day, she was walking to the schoolhouse with a stack of graded quizzes to return to the students when the man tried to grab the papers.
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graded
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She was confused; she didn’t know what to say at first.
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Confused
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Still she held onto the papers tightly despite the frustrated grunts the man uttered.
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frustrated
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After several minutes, the exhausted man finally gave up, turned around, and walked the other way down the street.
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Exhausted
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At first all was silent in the street; then the woman heard cheering from the watching citizens.
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watching
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They told her that she was the first to stand up to the curious man and congratulated her for her unequaled courage.
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Unequaled
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Children interested in music should take lessons.
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interested in music
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Those students taking Chemistry need to buy a workbook.
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taking Chemistry
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Kenny noticed her cousin jogging at the beach.
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jogging at the beach
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Slowly removing his cap, the gentleman bowed.
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slowly removing his cap
*Some participles come before the noun they modify, set off by a comma. |
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Rolling his eyes, the boy agreed with his mother.
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rolling his eyes
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Giving up completely, she quit college.
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giving up completely
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Our church, flooded last year, is still recovering.
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flooded last year
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In a land far away, there lived a man named Carwin.
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Named Carwin
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Carwin was a generous man, full of compassion and mercy when he saw anyone depressed about life.
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Depressed about life
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One day, he saw a blind man sitting at a street corner; this man was holding out a small bowl for money.
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Sitting at a street corner
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Moved to help the man, Carwin reached in his pocket in search of a few dollar bills.
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Moved to help the man
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Just as Carwin was about to place a few crumpled dollars in the bowl, he noticed that the bowl did not contain any money.
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crumpled
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Instead, the bowl contained small pieces of paper containing tidbits of wisdom.
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Containing tidbits of wisdom
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The old man, sensing Carwin’s presence, told him to take a piece of paper.
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Sensing Carwin’s presence
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Carwin, choosing the topmost one, cautiously unfolded it and read it.
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Choosing the topmost one
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Being an emotional, compassionate human, Carwin immediately started crying.
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Being an emotional, compassionate human
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Carwin, profoundly inspired by the wisdom, continued to carry that paper with him in his wallet.
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Profoundly inspired by the wisdom
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