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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the abbreviation for tidal volume?
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Vt
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what is Vt a measure of?
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breath volume while at rest
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air volume that fills the airways is called?
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dead space
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what is IRV and what does it stand for?
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Inspiritory reserve volume
the breath volume above the Vt (I.E. during exercise) |
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Vt (tidal volume) includes what two things?
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air within the alveoli
dead space |
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what is the ERV?
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Expiratory reserve volume
the air expelled beyond the tidal volume |
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what is the RV?
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Residual Volume
air that cant be expelled |
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how do you determine the IC (inspiratory capacity)?
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Vt + IRV
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how do you determine the FRC (functional reserve capacity)?
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ERV + RV
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How do you determine the VC (vital capacity)?
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IC + ERV or
Vt + IRV + ERV |
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what factors increase the VC?
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larger size
Male conditioning |
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what factor decreases the VC?
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age
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What is the TLC?
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total lung capacity
Vt + IRV + ERV + RV or VC+ RV |
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what are the two ways to determine FRC, RV?
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plethysmograph
Helium dilution |
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what is the normal RV/TLC ratio?
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.25
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what happens to the RV/TLC with obstructive lung disease (emphysema)?
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it will increase
in particular, the RV will increase |
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what happens to the RV/TLC with restrictive lung disease (fibrosis)?
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it will increase
in particular, the TLC will decrease |
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what structures comprise the anatomic dead space and how do you calculate the anatomic dead space?
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nose, trachea, Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles (0-16)
dead space is ~= to an individuals weight in lbs |
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what is physiologic dead space?
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anatomic dead space + functional dead space in alveoli
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under normal conditions, what is physiological dead space = to?
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anatomic dead space only
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since the PAco2 cant be measured directly, how do we find the amount of alveolar CO2?
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by measuring the PaCO2= arterial CO2 content
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if there is a PDS (phys dead space) what happens to the PEco2?
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it is less than the PACO2
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what is the equation for calculating the PDS?
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Vd=Vt x (PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2
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what is the difference between the Minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation?
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the Alveolar resp takes dead space into account
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how do you calculate VA?
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VA= (Vt-Vd) x breaths / min
or VA= (Vco2 x K)/ PACO2 alveolar ventilation k= 863 mmHg |
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how do you calculate minute ventilation?
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Vt x breaths/ min
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How are Va and PACO2 related?
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they are inversely related
as Va goes up, PACO2 goes down and visa versa |
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what happens to Va if CO2 production goes up?
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they are directly proportional.
as one increases, the other must also increase to keep the same PACO2 |
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what is FVC?
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forced vital capacity= the amount of air that can be forcably expired after maximal inspiration
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what is FEV
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forced expiratory volume= amount of air that can be forcibly expired in the first second
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what is the normal FEV/FVC ratio?
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.8
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what is a restrictive disease? Obstructive?
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fibrosis
asthma/emphysema |
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what is the difference between an obstructive and a restrictive disease if the FVC is the same?
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the FEV of an obstructive disease is greatly reduced compared to that of a restrictive one.
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