Vcom 262 Midterm Terms

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Hierarchy

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The order in which the human eye preceives what it sees. This order is created by the visual contrast between forms in a field of perception. Objects with highest contrast to their surroundings are recognized first by the human mind

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Directory

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Another name for a folder

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Root

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the directory that contains all other directories and files on the system and which is designated by a forward slash.

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HTML

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HyperText Markup Language, the main markup language for creating web pages and other info that can be displayed in a web browser

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Hypertext

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Text displayed on a computer display or other electronic device with references to other text that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click, keypress, sequence or by touching the screen.

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Markup

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A modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.

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tag

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act like containers. They tell you something about the info that lies between the opening and closing tags.

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attribute

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Provide additional info about HTML elements and are always specified in the start tag

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HTML element

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everything from the start tag to the end tag.

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hook

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A place in code the programmer can target for styling purposes (visual) or enhanced functionality.

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Browser

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A program used to view HTML documents

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Client

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A computer that accesses a service made available by a server

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Server

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A computer dedicated to run one or more services

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Wireframe

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A visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website.

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URL

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Uniform Resource Locator, also known as web address, is a specific character string that constitutes a reference to a resource.

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DOCTYPE

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An instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in.

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XML

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Extensible Markup Language, is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

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DOM

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Document Object Model

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Semantic HTML

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The use of HTML markup to reinforce the semantics, or meaning, of the info in webpages rather than merely to define its presentation or look.

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class

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attribute that specifies one or more names for an element.

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id

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attribute that specifies a unique name for an element.

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CSS

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Cascading Style Sheets, a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics of a document written in a markup language.

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CSS Rule

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The building block of CSS. Two main parts selector and declaration.

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Selector

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The instruction in a CSS rule set that tells the browser what elements to 'select' for styling. Appears before the opening curly brace.

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Declaration

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The section of a style rule that defines the styles to be applied. Consists of a property and a value.

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Deprecated

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Code that is no longer included in the language specifications.

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Alpha Channel

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A color component that represents the degree of transparency of a color.

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Hexadecimal

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A base-16 number system

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Hex Color

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Six-digit codes that represent the amount of Red, Green and Blue in a color, preceded by a hash # sign.

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RGBA

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Red Green Blue Alpha

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HSLA

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Hue Saturation Lightness Alpha

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comment

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Text inserted in the source code but not displayed in the browser.

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Metadata

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data about the data.

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Meta element

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HTML element used to provide structured metadata about a Web page. Multiple meta elements are often used on the same page: the element is the same, but its attributes are different.

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pseudo-class

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added to a selector and is similar to a class in HTML, but its not specified explicitly in the markup. Acts as an extra value for a class attribute.

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Pseudo-element

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added to a selector and acts like an extra element is in the code.

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Design is all about...

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Communication

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"Tools" in the Hierarchists Toolbox

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Size

Color

Contrast

Alignment

Repetition

Proximity

Density and Whitespace

Style and Texture

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Size

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Objects that are bigger demand more attention. Effective way of guiding a viewer's eye to a particular portion of the page.

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Color

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Can function as both organizational and personality tool. Bold contrasting choices on elements demand attention.

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Alignment

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Creates order between elements.

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Repetition

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Assigns relative meaning to elements.

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Proximity

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Separates elements from each other and creates sub-hierarchies.

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Density and Whitespace

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Packing elements into a spaces makes it feel heavy, while spacing them out too much loses relationships between them.

A just right page allows the user to easily recognize when elements are related or not.

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Style and Texture

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Most open ended tool, can be very dangerous

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Principles of Design

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Unity

Harmony

Balance

Rhythm

Emphasis

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Elements of Design

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Line

Color

Shape

Form

Pattern

Space

Texture

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Two types of Balance

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Symmetrical

Asymmetrical

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Scale

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The real, apparent size of an object seen in relation to other objects.

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Repetition and Rhythm

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the recurrence of a design element coupled with a certain flow.

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Directional Forces

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Both implied and actual, help guide the eye and mind movement of the viewer. They can also bind the work into a single entity

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Unity

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The force operating within a work of art which can give it the appearance of oneness or resolution. Consistency of concept.

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Proportion

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The size relationship of parts of the entire work and each to the other.

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Emphasis and Subordination

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Establishing centers of interest which focus the viewer's attention.

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Contrast

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Primary forms:

size

position

color

texture

shape

orientation

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5 Font Types

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Serif,

Sans Serif,

Monospace,

Fantasy,

Cursive

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DNS

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Domain Name System, act like phone books tell a computer the IP address associated with the requested domain name.

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CSS font declaration

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body {

font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;

}

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CSS font size

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body {

font-size: 12px;

}

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CSS @font-face

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@font-face {

font-family: 'ChunkFiveRegular';

src : url('fonts/chunkfive.eot');

}

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CSS Bold

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.credits {

font-weight: bold;

}

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CSS Italic

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.credits {

font-style : italic;

}

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CSS leading (line-height)

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p {

line-height : 14px;

}

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Block display type

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Element sits on a line by itself

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Inline display type

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Element can be right next to another but cannot have padding or margin or other things.

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Does HTML 5 require all elements to be self-closing?

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NO

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In HTML 5 can the anchor tag wrap multiple elements?

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Yes

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HTML heading

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<h1>Heading 1</h1>

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HTML paragraph

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<p>A paragraph in HTML</p>

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HTML Strong

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<p><strong>Beware</strong> of Dog</p>

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HTML emphasis

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<p>I <em>think</em> Ivy was the first.</p>

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HTML unordered list

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<ul>

<li>a</li>

</ul>

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HTML ordered list

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<ol>

<li>a</li>

</ol>

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HTML line breaks

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<p>The Earth<br />gets one hundred tons heavier every day.</p>

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Link to external style sheet

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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />

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HTML adding image

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<img src="images/image1.png" alt="An image tada"></img>

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Which common image types support transparency?

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PNG, GIF

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HTML Nested List

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<nav>

<ul>

<li><a href="#">Item</a></li>

<ul>

<li><a href="#">Nested Item</a></li>

</ul>

</ul>

</nav>

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Absolute Path

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http://www.absolute.com/

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Relative Path

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relative.org

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CSS attach image and repeat horizontal

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body {

background-image: url("image2.png");

background-repeat: repeat-y;

}

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HTML5 FIGURE

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<figure>

Element used to contain an image and its caption. Can have more than 1 image but only a single caption.

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HTML5 Figcaption

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<figcaption>

Element that allows web page authors to add a caption to an image.

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Mailto Link

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<a href="mailto:[e-mail]">Email</a>

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How CSS Rules Cascade

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Last Rule: Latter of selectors takes precedence.

Specificity: The most specific is chosen.

Important: !important

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Three important types of CSS selectors

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Type

Class

Id

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CSS Shorthand Background

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Order of properties:

color

image

repeat

attachment

positioning

ex:

body {

background: #fff url('tree.png') no-repeat right top;

}

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na

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na