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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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any entity that can take on different values. anything that can vary
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variables
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specific value on a variable
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attribute
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types of variable
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independent variable
dependent variable |
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the factors in a research study that is manipulated or purposely changed in an experiment by the researcher
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independent variable
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it can be a cause
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independent variable
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the factors in a research study used to measure the effect of the independent variable
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dependent
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are variables other than the independent variable that may bear any effect on the behavior of the person being studied
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extraneous variables
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3 types of extraneous variables
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1. subject variables
2. experimental variables 3. situational variables |
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which are the characteristics of the individuals being studied that might affect their actions
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subject variables
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these variables include age, gender, health status, mood, background vgf
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subject variables
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characteristics of the person conducting the experiment which might influence how a person behaves. Gender, the presence of racial discrimination, language, or other factors may qualify as such variables
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experimental variables
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are features of the environment in which the study or research was conducted, which have a bearing on the outcome of the experiment. included are the air temperature, level of activity, lighting and time of the day
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situational variables
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total number of expected respondents form selected research venue
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population
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part of the population of the study who will actually participate in the survey
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sample
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process by which sample is determined, calculated, modified
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sampling
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subjects have an equal chance of being selected for the sample. the sampling method often relies on a of random numbers to determine the sample. sampling can be performed with or without replacement.
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simple random sampling
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subjects are selected by taking every subjects from the population
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systematic sampling
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the size of the interval is based on the desired sample size
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systematic sampling
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more efficient than simple random sampling and is most commonly employed when a researcher is drawing from a very large sample
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systematic sampling
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subjects are selected based on a random sample of naturally occuring groups.
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cluster sampling
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allows a random sample without a complete listing of each unit.
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cluster sampling
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less costly and more efficient sampling
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cluster sampling
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subjects are selected as they become available until the desired sample is reached
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convenience sampling
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subjects are deliberately selected based on predefined criteria chosen by the investigators
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purposive sampling
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subjects are identified by asking existing subjects to identify the names of other potential participants.
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snowball sampling
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often used when members of a given sample are difficult to identify
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snowball sampling
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