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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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VORTEX |
The large area of hair that slants toward the umbilicus |
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COMMON INTEGUMENT- EPIDERMIS, DERMIS |
Fold of skin which consists of an outer epithelium, the epidermis, and an underlying thicker layer of connective tissue, the dermis |
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THORACIC, ABDOMINAL, INGUINAL MAMMAE |
The mammae vary in number from 8-12 but 10 is average. They are situated in two rows. When 10 are present- the cranial four are the thoracic, the following four are the abdominal, and the last two are the inguinal mammae. They lie in the areolar connective tissue and are not fused to the body wall |
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CUTANEOUS |
The thin muscle underlying the skin over the neck, thorax, and abdomen |
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AREOLAR TISSUE |
Areolar tissue appears as a thin layer of loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue that often contains fat |
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APONEUROSIS |
It has the same consistency as a tendon but the fibrous tissue is arranged as a thin sheet of tissue |
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ORIGIN |
The more proximal attachment of the muscle that moves the least |
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INSERTION |
The more distal attachment of the muscle or the part that moves the most |
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TENDON |
It consists of dense, regularly arranged fibrous connective tissue organized into a small, well defined bundle |
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LIGAMENT |
It is a dense fibrous connective tissue between bones, although the term may also be used to describe thin fibrous connections between organs or between an organ and the body wall |
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CUTANEUS TRUNCI |
It is a thin sheet of muscle that covers most of the dorsal, lateral, and ventral walls of the the thorax and abdomen. It has no direct obny attachments Innervation: Lateral Thoracic Nerve |
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PREPUTIAL MUSCLE |
Distinct development of the cutaneus trunci adjacent ot the ventral midline caudal to the xiphoid. It passes caudally and radiates into the prepuce, forming an arch with the muscle of the opposite side. Function: Support the cranial end of the prepuce during the nonerect state and to pull the prepuce back over the glans penis after erection and protrusion |
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FASCIA |
It is deeper than the areolar tissue and more regularly arranged thin layer of connective tissue that envelops the body beneath the skin and encloses individual muscles or groups of muscles. |
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SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP FASCIA |
The superficial is deep to the areaolar, forming the deep portion of the subcutneous tissue that covers the entire body. It blends with the deep fascia that is more firmly attached to the muscles. |
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PECTORAL MUSCLES- SUPERFICIAL PECTORAL (2) DESCENDING PECTORAL TRANSVERSE PECTORAL |
ORIGIN: The first two sternebrae and usually a part of the third, fibrous raphe between adjacent muscles
INSERTION: The whole crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
ACTION: To adduct the limb when it is not bearing weight or to prevent the limb from being abducted when bearing weight
INNERVATION: Cranial pectoral nerve |
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DEEP PECTORAL MUSCLE
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ORIGIN: The ventral part of the sternum and fibrous raphe between fellow muscles; the deep abdominal fascia in the region of the xiphoid cartilage
INSERTION: Majorty ison the lesser tubercule of the humerus;an aponeurosis to the greater tubercule and its crest; the caudal part ot the medial brachial fascia
ACTION: When the limb is advanced and fixed: to pull the trunk cranially and to extend the shoulder joint. When the limb is not supporting weight: to draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint. To adduct the limb
INNERVATION: Caudal pectoral nerves |
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BRACHIOCEPHALICUS |
ATTACHMENTS: All attachments are movable but the clavicle or clavicular intersection is considered the origin. The cleidobrachialis attaches to the distal end of the cranial border of the humerus. The cervical part of the cleidocephalicus attaches to the cranial half of the mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes to the nuchal crest of the occipital bone. Its mastoid part attaches to the mastoid part of the temporal bone with the sternomastoideus muscle
ACTION: To advance the limb; to extend the shoulder joint and draw the neck and head to the side
INNERVATION: Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves |
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STERNOCEPHALICUS |
INSERTION: The mastoid part of the temporal bone and the nuchal crest of the occipital bone
ACTION: To draw the head and neck to the side
INNERVATION: Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves |
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STERNOTHYROIDEUS |
ORIGIN: The first costal cartilage
INSERTION: The caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage
ACTION: To draw the larynx and tongue caudally
INNERVATION: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves |
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STERNOHYOIDEUS |
ORIGIN: The first sternebra and the first costal cartilage
INSERTION: The basihyoid bone
ACTION: To pull the tongue and larynx caudally
INNERVATION: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves |
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OMOTRANSVERSRIUS |
ATTACHMENTS: The distal end of the spine of the scapula; cranially, the transverse wing of the atlas
ACTION: To advance the limb or flex the neck laterally
INNERVATION: Accessory nerve |
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TRAPEZIUS |
ORIGIN: The median raphe of the neck and the supraspinous ligament from the level of the third cervical vertebra to the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra
INSERTION: The spine of the scapula
ACTION: To elevate and abduct the forelimb
INNERVATION: Accessory nerve |
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RHOMBOIDEUS- RHOMBOIDEUS CAPITIS RHOMBOIDEUS CERVICIS RHOMBOIDEUS THORACIS |
ORIGIN: The nuchal crest of the occipital bone; the median fibrous raphe of the neck; the spinous processes of the first seven thoracic vertebrae
INSERTION: The dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of the scapula
ACTION: To elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula against the trunk
INNERVATION: Ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves |
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LATISSIMUS DORSI |
ORIGIN: The thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar and the last seven or eight thoracic vertebrae; a muscular attachment to the last two or three ribs
INSERTION: The teres major tuberosity of the humerus and the teres major tendon
ACTION: To draw the free limb caudally as in digging; to flex the shoulder joint
INNERVATION: Thoracodorsal nerve |
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SERRATUS VENTRALIS CERVICIS SERRATUS VENTRALIS THORACIS |
ORIGIN: The transverse processes of the last five cervical vertebrae and the first seven or eight ribs ventral to their middle
INSERTION: The dorsomedial third of the scapula (serrated face)
ACTION: To support the trunk and depress the scapula
INNERVATION: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and the long thoracic nerve |
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DELTOIDEUS |
ORIGIN: The spine and acromial process of the scapula
INSERTION: The deltoid tuberosity
ACTION: to flex the shoulder
INNERVATION: Axillary nerve |
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INFRASPINATUS |
ORIGIN: The infraspinous fossa
INSERTION: A small, circumscribed area on the lateral side of the greater tubercule of the humerus.
ACTION: To extend or flex the joint depending on position of joint. To abduct the shoulder and to rotate the shoulder laterally. To prevent medial rotation when weight bearing and provide lateral stability to the shoulder joint
INNERVATION: Suprascapular nerve |
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TERES MINOR |
ORIGIN: The infraglenoid tubercule and distal third of the caudal border of the scapula
INSERTION: The teres minor tuberosity of the humerus
ACTION: To flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder laterally, prevent medial rotation when bearing weight
INNERVATION: |
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SUPRASPINATUS |
ORIGIN: The supraspinous fossa
INSERTION: The greater tubercule of the humerus by a thick tendon
ACTION: To extend and stabalize the shoulder joint
INNERVATION: Suprascapular nerve |
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SUBTENDINOUS SYNOVIAL BURSA |
A bursa is a closed connective tissue sac containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction |
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SUBSCAPULARIS |
ORIGIN: The subscapular fossa
INSERTION: The lesser tubercle of the humerus
ACTION: To adduct, extend, and medially stabilize the shoulder joint. To rotate the shoulder medially and prevent lateral rotation when bearing weight
INNERVATION: Subscapular nerve |
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TERES MAJOR |
ORIGIN:
INSERTION: The crest of the lesser tubercule of the humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity
ACTION: To adduct, extend, and stabalize the shoulder joint
INNERVATION: Musculocutaneous nerve |
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TENSOR FASCIAE ANTEBRACHII |
ORIGIN: The fascia covering the lateral side of the latissimus dorsi
INSERTION: The olecranon
ACTION: To extend the elbow
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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TRICEPS BRACHII- LONG HEAD |
ORIGIN: The caudal border of the scapula
INSERTION: The olecranon tuber
ACTION: To extend the elbow and flex the shoulder
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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TRICEPS BRACHII-LATERAL HEAD |
ORIGIN: The tricipital line of the humerus
INSERTION: The olecranon tuber
ACTION: To extend the elbow
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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TRICEPS BRACHII- ACCESSORY HEAD |
ORIGIN: The neck of the humerus
INSERTION: The olecranon tuber
ACTION: To extend the elbow
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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TRICEPS BRACHII- MEDIAL HEAD |
ORIGIN: The crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity
INSERTION: The olecranon
ACTION: To extend the elbow
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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ACONEUS |
ORIGIN: The lateral supracondylar crest and the lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus
INSERTION: The lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (the olecranon)
ACTION: To extend the elbow
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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BICEPS BRACHII |
ORIGIN: The supraglenoid tubercule
INSERTION: The ulnar and radial tuberosities
ACTION: To flex the elbow and extend the shoulder
INNERVATION: Musculocutaneous nerve |
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BRACHIALIS |
ORIGIN: The proximal third of the lateral surface of the humerus
INSERTION: The ulnar and radial tuberosities
ACTION: To flex the elbow
INNERVATION: Musculocutaneous nerve |
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EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS |
ORIGIN: The lateral supracondylar crest
INSERTION: The small tuberosities on the dorsal surfaces of the base of metacarpals II and III
ACTION: To extend the carpus
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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COMMON DIGITAL EXTENSOR |
ORIGIN: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
ACTION: To extend the joints of the four principal digits and the carpus
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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LATERAL DIGITAL EXTENSOR |
ORIGIN: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The proximal ends of all the phalanges of digits III, IV, and V, but mainly the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of these digits
ACTION: To extend the carpus and joints of digits III, IV, V
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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ULNARIS LATERALIS |
ORIGIN: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The lateral aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal V and the accessory carpal bone
ACTION: To abduct the carpal joint and support the carpus when extended to support weight
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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SUPINATOR |
ORIGIN: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The cranial surface of the proximal fourth of the radius
ACTION: To rotate the forearm laterally so that the palmar side of the paw faces medially (supination); to flex the elbow
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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ABDUCTOR DIGITI I LONGUS |
ORIGIN: The lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna; the interosseous membrane
INSERTION: The proximal end of metacarpal I
ACTION: To abduct the first digit or pollex and extend the carpal joint
INNERVATION: Radial nerve |
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PRONATOR TERES |
ORIGIN: The medial epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The medial border of the radius between the proximal and middle thirds
ACTION: To rotate the forearm medially so that the palmar side of the paw faces the ground (pronation); to flex the elbow
INNERVATION: Median nerve |
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FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS |
ORIGIN: The medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial border of the radius
INSERTION: The palmar side of the base of metacarpals II and III
ACTION: To flex the carpus
INNERVATION: Median nerve |
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SUPERFICIAL DIGITAL FLEXOR |
ORIGIN: The medial epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The palmar surface of the base (proximal end) of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
ACTION: To flex the carpal, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II, III, IV, and V
INNERVATION: Medial nerve |
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FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS- ULNAR HEAD, HUMERAL HEAD |
ORIGIN: Ulnar head- the caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon; humeral head- the medial epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: The accessory carpal bone
ACTION: To flex the carpus
INNERVATION: Ulnar nerve |
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DEEP DIGITAL FLEXOR- HUMERAL HEAD, ULNAR HEAD, RADIAL HEAD |
ORIGIN: Humeral head- the medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulnar head- the proximal three fourths of the caudal border of the ulna; radial head- the middle third of the medial border of the radius
INSERTION: The flexor tubercule on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit
ACTION: To flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digit
INNERVATION: |
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PRONATOR QUADRATUS |
ATTACHMENTS: The apposed surfaces of the radius and ulna
ACTION: To pronate the paw
INNERVATION: Median nerve |
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FLEXOR MANICA |
At the metacarpophalangeal joint, it lies around the deep flexor tendon that passes through it forming a collar |
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DIGITAL SYNOVIAL SHEATH |
The superficial flexor tendon are in a common synovial membrane called the digital synovial sheath |
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PALMAR ANNULAR LIGAMENT |
It firmly holds the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons in place at the metacarpophalangeal joint. It crosses the flexor manica |
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FLEXOR RETINACULUM |
The three tendons (humeral head, ulnar head, radial head) all fuse to form a single tendon. This tendon is head in place in the carpal canal by the thick, deep part of the fibrous flexor retinaculum |
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CARPAL CANAL |
It is formed by the accessory carpal bone laterally, the palmar carpal ligament and the carpal bones dorsally, and the flexor retinaculum on the palmar suface |
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ANNULAR DIGITAL LIGAMENTS |
It supports the deep digital flexor tendon proximal and distal to the palmar surface of the proximal interphalangeal joint |
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MEDIAL and LATERAL GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTS |
It is the poorly developed thickenings of fibrous part of the humeral joint capsule on each side |
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TRANSVERSE HUMERAL RETINACULUM |
It is the collagenous thickening across the tendon of origin of the biceps at the intertubercular groove |
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ELBOW JOINT |
It is a hinge joint formed by the condyle of the humerus, the head of the radius, and the trochlear notch of the ulna |
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LATERAL and MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS |
They are the pronounced thickenings in the fibrous layer of the elbow joint capsule. |
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INTEROSSEOUS LIGAMENT |
It is a condensation of collagenous tissue that unites the radius and ulna proximally |
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ANTEBRACHIOCARPAL JOINT |
The proximal carpal joint between the radius and ulna articulating with the intermedioradial and ulnar carpal bones. The antebrachiocarpal joint does not communicate with the other two joints of the carpus |
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MIDDLE CARPAL JOINT |
The middle carpal joint between the two rows of carpal bones. The carpometacarpal and middle carpal joint compartments communicate between the distal row of carpal bones |
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CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT |
The distal carpal joint between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpals. The carpometacarpal and middle carpal joint compartments communicate between the distal row of carpal bones |
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METACARPOPHALANGEAL, PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL, DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS |
These are the three articulations of each main digit. Medial and lateral collateral ligaments support these joints |
