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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN |
Arranged into five groups: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal |
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VERTEBRA |
A typical vertebra consists of a body, vertebral arch with left and right pedicles and laminae; and transverse, spinous, and articular processes |
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INTERVERTEBRAL DISK |
It is fibrocartilaginous structure composed of a soft center, nucleus pulposus, surrounded by concentric layers of dense fibrous tissue, annulus fibrosus |
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VERTEBRAL FORAMEN |
It is a short tube formed by the body and the vertebral arch |
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VERTEBRAL CANAL |
All the vertebral foramina join to form the vertebral canal |
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CRANIAL AND CAUDAL VERTEBRAL NOTCHES |
Te pedicles of each vertebra extend from dorsolateral surface of the body with smooth surfaced notches. The cranial notches are shallow and the caudal notches are deep |
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INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA |
It is formed when the vertebral column is articulated-notches of adjacent vertebrae and the intervening fibrocatilage. The spinal nerves and blood vessels pass through it |
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SPINOUS PROCESS |
Spine on the dorsal aspect of the vertebra |
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TRANSVERSE PROCESSES |
These project laterally from the region where the arch joins the vertebral body |
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ARTICULAR PROCESSES |
Located farther dorsally on the arch at the junction of the pedicle and lamina |
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ATLAS (FIRST CERVICAL VERTEBRA) |
It articulates with the skull cranially It has modified articular processes that lack a spinou process and a reduction of its body |
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WINGS OF THE ATLAS |
The lateral shelflike transvers processes that are thickened |
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CRANIAL ARTICULAR FOVEAE OF THE ATLAS |
The two articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull to form the atlanto-occipital joint of which the main movement is flextion and extension |
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CAUDAL ARTICULAR FOVEAE OF THE ATLAS |
These consist of two shallow glenoid caviites that form a freely movable articulation with the second cervical vertebra. Rotatory movement occurs at this atlantoaxial joint |
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CRANIAL AND CAUDAL COSTAL FOVEA OF THE FIRST 10 THORACIC VERTEBRAE |
These are used for the articulation with the ribs |
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SPINE OF THE FIRST 9 THORACIC VERTEBRAE |
It is the most conspicuous feature of each of the first nine thoracic vertebrae |
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ANTICLINAL VERTEBRAE (11TH THORACIC) |
The spine of the eleventh thoracic vertebra is nearly perpendicular to the long axis of the bone |
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ACCESSORY PROCESS |
It is present from the mid-thoracic region to the fifth or sixth lumbar vertebra. It projects caudally from the pedicle ventral to the caudal articular process and over the dorsal aspect of the intervertebral foramen |
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MAXILLARY PROCESS |
It is a knoblike dorsal projection of the transverse processes of the second through tenth thoracic vertebrae and cranial articular processes of the eleventh thoracic through the caudal vertebrae. Expaxial muscles of the transersospinalis system attach to these processes |
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SACRUM |
It results from the fusion of the bodies and prcesses of three vertebrae. This bone lies between the ilia and firmly articulates with them |
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MEDIAN SACRAL CREST |
It represents the fusion of the three spinous process. The dorsal surface also bears two pars of dorsal sacral foramina, which transmit the dorsal branches of the first two sacral spinal nerves |
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PELVIC SACRAL FORAMINA |
It lies on the pelvic (ventral) surface. They transmit the ventral branches of the first two sacral spinal nerves |
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AURICULAR FACE |
It is th eenlarged lateral part of the wing of the sacrum that articulates with the ilium |
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COSTAL CARTILAGES OF RIBS |
It is the cartilaginous parts |
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COSTAL ARCH OF RIBS |
It is the unity of the tenth, eleven and twelfth costal cartilages |
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HEAD OF RIB |
The head of ribs 1 through 10 articulates with the costal foveae of two contiguous vertebrae and the intervening fibrocartilage. Ribs 11 through 13, the head articulates only with the cranial costal fovea on the body of the vertebrae of the same number |
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TUBERCULE OF THE RIB |
It articulates with the costal fovea of the transverse process of the vertebra of the same number |
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NECK OF THE RIB |
It lies between the head and tuberculum of the rib |
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INTERSTERNEBRAL CARTILAGES |
It joins consecutive sternebrae |
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MANUBRIUM (FIRST STERNEBRA) |
It ends cranially in a clublike enlargement |
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XIPHOID PROCESS (LAST STERNEBRA) |
It is flattened dorsoventrally |
