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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This involves the narrowing of the valve opening, causing outflow obstruction and eventually LV hypertrophy.
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Aortic stenosi
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What are the 3 cardinal symptoms of aortic stenosis?
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1. Angina
2. Syncope 3. SOB |
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True or False: The presence or absence of symptoms in patients with aortic stenosis makes no difference in their prognosis.
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FALSE: once symptoms occur, prognosis is generally poor.
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What type of arterial pulse abnormality is AS associated with?
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Pulsus parvus et tardus
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What diagnostic test is DEFINITIVE for AS?
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Echocardiography
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Treatment for AS involves what two options?
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1. Valve replacement (usually in symptomatic patients)
2. Balloon Valvuloplasty |
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What are the 4 major causes of chronic aortic regurgitation?
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1. Bicuspid valve
2. Endocarditis 3. Rheumatic 4. Aortic root dilation |
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Why is a "pounding headache" symptomatic of chronic aortic regurgitation?
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Because of hyperactive circulation (the LV must accomodate the normal inflow from the LA in addition to the aorta's regurgitated volume)
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Quinke's pulses, DeMusset's sign, diastolic decrescendo murmur, and an Austin Flint murmur are all associated with WHAT valvulopathy?
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Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
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What is DeMusset's sign?
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Head bobbing with pulse (because blood flow is regurgitating back up)
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What types of medication might you use to make flow through the valve easier in chronic aortic regurgitation?
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Vasodilators (Hydralazine, nifedipine, ACE-Is)
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Which is the medical emergency- chronic or acute aortic regurgitation?
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ACUTE- patients usually present in cardiogenic shock
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How is acute aortic regurgitation treated?
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With surgery
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When does mitral stenosis occur?
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When thickening and immobility of the mitral valve leaflets impede flow from the LA to LV.
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_________ initially results in increased LA pressure but ultimately leads to increased ___________________.
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Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonary Congestion |
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What are the 4 main symptoms of mitral stenosis?
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1. SOB
2. Orthopnea 3. PND 4. Hemoptysis |
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What heart sound is associated with mitral stenosis?
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Loud S1 (that decreases with calcification)
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The following are diagnostic tests performed when mitral stenosis is suspected. Which is best?
- EKG - Echocardiogram - TEE - Cardiac catheterization |
Echocardiogram
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What are 3 methods of treatment for mitral stenosis?
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1. Balloon valvuloplasty
2. Open mitral commissurotomy 3. Valve replacement |
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This valvulopathy is associated with a hyperdynamic LV, presence of S3 sound, and holosystolic murmur.
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Mitral Regurgitation
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Treatment of mitral regurgitation includes what?
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1. Vasodilator
2. Valve repair 3. Valve replacement 4. Intra-aortic balloon pump and emergent surgery may be used for acute MR |
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In this valvulopathy is associated with a leaflet taht is displaced superiorly toward the LA during systole.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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What are the most common symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?
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- Chest pain
- Anxiety - Dizziness - Palpitations |
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This physical finding is a "hallmark" of a mitral valve prolapse.
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Midsystolic click
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Subacute baterial endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated in the treatment of this valvulopathy.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Physical findings of this valvulopathy invlude JVD with a prominent "a" wave and a diastolic murmur.
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Tricuspid stenosis
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This is associated with RV dysfuction due to left heart failure.
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Tricuspid Regurgitation
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Physical findings for this valvulopathy include JVD with prominent "v" wave and a systolic murmur, ascites, edema, and hepatomegaly.
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Tricuspid Regurgitation
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