Myocardial And Pericardial Disease

Front 1

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that is often caused by what?

Back 1

- Preceding viral infection
- Coxsackievirus B
- Echovirus

Front 2

What is the gold standard diagnostic technique for myocarditis?

Back 2

Endomyocardial biopsy

Front 3

Chagas disease is a potential disease for this disease.

Back 3

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Front 4

What are some symptoms related to dilated cardiomyopathy?

Back 4

SOB
Orthopnea
Fatigue
Edema

Front 5

True or False.

Sinus tachycardia and LBBB are very rare findings on the EKG of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Back 5

FALSE

Front 6

Treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy includes what?

Back 6

Diuretics
Digoxin
Afterload reducers

Front 7

Some common symptoms related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are....

Back 7

SOB
Angina
Palpitations
Syncope
Sudden cardiac death

Front 8

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a present murmur _______ with Valsalva maneuvers and standing and ________ with squatting and handgrip exercises.

Back 8

Increases/Decreases

Front 9

A septal myectomy an be used as a form of treatment in what pericardial disease?

Back 9

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 10

Scleroderma, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, and radiation are all potential causes of ___________.

Back 10

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Front 11

Symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy include:

Back 11

SOB
Edema (specifically leg)
Fatigue

(Right sided heart failure)

Front 12

In which patients should restrictive cardiomyopathy be considered?

Back 12

Patients with predominant right sided heart failure without evidence of cardiomegaly or systolic dysfunction

Front 13

What are physical findings for restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Back 13

S3 and S4 heart sounds
NO cardiomegaly
Elevated JVP
MR/TR murmur

Front 14

How would you treat restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Back 14

Treat underlying cause first
Diuretics

Front 15

What is the classic symptom of pericarditis?

Back 15

Pleuritic chest pain

Front 16

Diffuse ST segment elevation, ESR elevation, and WBC elevations are all indicative of _________.

Back 16

Pericarditis

Front 17

What are two potential complications of pericarditis?

Back 17

Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis

Front 18

What is a pericardial effusion?

Back 18

Accumulation of more than 50mL of fluid in the pericardial space (normally contains 15-50mL)

Front 19

To determine the size of a pericardial effusion, what diagnostic test should be used?

Back 19

Echocardiogram

Front 20

How will a pericardial effusion effect the patient's EKG?

Back 20

It may decrease QRS voltage

Front 21

How should you treat a pericardial effusion?

Back 21

Pericariocentesis (for symptomatic patients)

Front 22

In acute cardiac tamponade, how will the patient present?

Back 22

In cardiogenic shock

Front 23

What is Beck's Triad?

Back 23

Associated with acute cardiac tamponade:
1. Muffled heart sounds
2. Distended JVP
3. Hypotension

Front 24

Pulsus paradoxus indicates....

Back 24

cardiac tamponadee

Front 25

The gold standard for diagnosis of cardiac tamponade is _____.

Back 25

Echocardiogram

Front 26

How do you treat cardiac tamponade?

Back 26

1. Stabilize with fluids
2. Pericardiocentesis
3. If it is recurrent, cut out a pericardial window
4. Check the fluid obtained from the pericardiocentesis for malignancy or infection

Front 27

Elevated JVP and Kussmaul's sign, as well as signs of right sided heart failure are seen with what condition?

Back 27

Pericardial constriction

Front 28

Pericardial constriction leads to________________________.

Back 28

Decreased diastolic filling of all chambers