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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methotrexate
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a)Antimetabolite: inhibit synth of nucleic acids.
(b) folic acid analog; inhibits dydrofolate reductase; decreased dTMP levels hinder DNA and protein synth; S phase specific |
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5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) antimetabolite: inhibit synthesis of nucleic acids
(b) Pyrimidine antimetabolite converted to 5-F-dUMP which when bound to folic acid inhibits thymidylate synthase. Prevents dTMP synth inhibiting DNA and protein synth. S phase specific (c) breast, ovarian, colon, head and neck cancers basal cell carcinoma and keratoses (use topically) (d) irreversible myelosuppression and photosensitivity, GI irritation, alopecia |
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Cytarabine (Ara-C)
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) antimetabolite
(b) pyrimidine antimetabolite inhibits DNA polymerases; S phase specific (c) acute leukemias (d) BMS, GI irritation, increased doses cause neurotoxicity |
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6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) antimetabolite
(b) activated by hypoxanthine guanin phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT); inhibits purine synthesis inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis (c) acute leukemias, CML, non Hodgkin lymphoma (d) BMS, hepatotoxicity-coadmin w/alluporinol increase toxicity (6-MP metabolized by xanthine oxidase) Azathioprine forms 6-MP |
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Busulfan
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) alkylating agent (cell cycle (a) alkylating agent (cell cycle nonspecific); causes alkylation of DNA leading to cross linking, abnormal base pairing or DNA breakage
(b) alkylates DNA (c) CML (d) pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation, and adrenal insufficiency |
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Cyclophosphamide
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) alkylating agent (cell cycle non specific); leads to cross linking, abnormal base pairing, or DNA breakage
(b) alkylates DNA-attacks fuanin N7 inducing cross linking (c) non hodgkin lymphoma; ovarian and breast cancers; neuroblastoma (d) BMS and hemorrhaggic cystitis (can be decr by mesna which traps acrolein, a toxic metabolite) |
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Nitroureas (lumostine, carmustine)
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) alkylating agent (cell cycle nonspecific)
(b) alkylates DNA and crosses BBB (c) brain tumors (d) neurologic |
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Cisplatin, carboplatin
(a) mechanism (b) indications (c) toxicity |
(a) alkylates DNA
(b) testicular, bladder, lung, and ovarian carcinomas (c) nephrotoxic, neurotoxic (deafness, tinnitus) |
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Procarbazine
(a) mechanism (b) indications (c) toxicity |
(a) alkylates DNA
(b) hodgkin disease (MOPP) (c) BMS, pulmonary toxicitiy, neurotixic, leukomogenic |
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Doxyrubicin
(a) mechanism (b) indications (c) toxicity |
(a) intercalates DNA, creating breaks. Hinders DNA replication and transcription
(b) hodgkin lymphoma (ABVD), breast, endometrial, lung, ovarian Cas, Myeloma, sarcomas (c) cardiotoxic-dextrazoxane (inhibits rfree radical formation may protect), BMS, alopecia, GI distress |
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Bleomycin
(a) mechanism (b) indications (c) toxicity |
(a) generates free radicals and leads to DNA strand scission, in G2 phase
(b) lymphomas, testicular, and skin CA (c) pulmonary fibrosis, mucocutaneous rxns (blisters, alopecia), hypersensitivity rxn |
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Prednisone
(a) mechanism (b) indications (c) toxicity |
(a) induced apoptosis of lymphoid cells
(b) CL, Hodgkin lymphoma (MOPP) (c) autoimmune disease |
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Tamoxifen
(a) mechanism (b) indications (c) toxicity |
(a) selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM); prevents estrogen from binding estrogen receptor positive breast CA cells leading to involution of estrogen dependent tumors
(b) breast cancer (c) hot flashes, increased risk of endometrial carcinoma |
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Vinblastine
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) plant alkaloid; cell cycle specific drugs that prevent assembly of microtubules.
(b) inhibits microtubule/spindle formation. M phase specific (c) lymphoma, wilms tumor, choriocarcinoma (d) BMS |
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Vincristine
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) plant alkyloid; cell cycle specific drugs that prevent assembly of microtubules
(b) inhibits microtubule/spindle formation. M phase specific (c) same as vinblastine, MOPP (is oncovin) (d) neurotoxic, GI distress |
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Paclitaxel
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) plant alkyloid; cell cycle specific drugs that prevent assembly of microtubules
(b) stabilizes microtubules so that spindle cannot break down. M phase specific (c) ovarian and breast CA (d) BMS |
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Etoposide
(a) class (b) mechanism (c) indications (d) toxicities |
(a) alkaloid; cell cycle specific drugs that interfere with microtubules
(b) inhibits topoisomerase II, increase DNA degradation; late S/early G2 phase (c) small cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, testicular carcinoma (d) BMS, GI irritation, alopecia |
