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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors
(a) example(s) (b) mechanism (c) indication (d) toxicities/contraindications |
(a) sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil
(b) inhibits phosphodiesterase (which inactivates cGMP) leading to incr cGMP, incr vasodilation (c) erectile dysfct (d) addition of nitrates which also incr cGMP can cause severe hypotension |
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Alprostadil
(a) drug class (b) mechanism (c) indication (d) toxicity/contraindication |
(a) synthetic prostaglandin E1 agents
(b) incr cAMP via adenylate cyclase leading to smooth muscle relaxation (c) erectile dysfct (d) intercourse w/pregnant women (can stimulate uterine contraction); conditions that predispose to priapism (sickle cell, multiple myeloma, leukemia) |
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Flutamide
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use |
(a) androgen receptor antagonist
(b) prostate cancer |
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Spironolactone
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use |
(a) androgen receptor antagonist (also apotassium sparing diuretic)
(b) hirsutism |
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Leuprolide
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use (c) toxicity |
(a) GnRH analogue
(b) depot form used for prostate cancer (c) antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting |
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Finasteride
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use |
(a) 5 alpha reductase inhibitor; prevents converstion of testosterone to DHT
(b) BPH, male pattern baldness |
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Ketoconazole
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use |
(a) antifungal gent which also inhibits synth of steroids
(b) androgen receptor positive prostate cancer |
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Tamoxifen
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use (c) benefits (d) negatives |
(a) SERM; estrogen antagonist in breast; agonist in endometrium/bone
(b) hormone responsive breast CA (c) reduce risk of breast CA in high risk women; prevent osteoporosis in women using for breast CA (d) increase risk of endometrial CA; hot flashes; incr risk of venous thrombosis |
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Raloxifene
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use (c) benefits (d) negatives |
(a) partial estrogen agonist in bone; estrogen antagonist in breast/uterus
(b) estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (c) prevents osteoperosis; reduces risk of breast CA in high risk women; no incr risk of endometrial CA (d) hot flashes; incr risk of venous thrombosis |
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Clomiphene
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use (c) side effects |
(a) partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus (reduces negative feedback mechanism by reducing receptor recycling); incr FSH and LH to stimulat eovulation
(b) PCOS and infertility treatment (c) hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies, visual disturbances |
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Danazol
(a) mechanism (b) clinicla use |
(a) inhibits ovarian steroid synthesis
(b) endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease |
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Anastrozole
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use |
(a) aromatase inhibitor
(b) postmenopausal women with breast CA |
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Mifepristone (RU 486)
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use (c) toxicity |
(a) progesterone and glucocorticoid antagonist
(b) termination of pregnancy; administered w/misoprostol (PGE1) (c) heavy bleeding, GI effect (N/V/anorexia); abd pain |
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Dinoprostone
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PGE2 analog causing cervical dilation and uterine contraction inducing labor
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Ritodrine/terbutaline
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Beta 2 agonists that relax the uterus; reduce premature uterine contractions
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Testosterone (methyltestosterone)
(a) clinical use (b) toxicity |
(a) hypogonadism
Promote development of secondary sex char Stimulate anabolism after burn/injury Treat ER positive breast cancer (exemestane) (b) masculinization (females); reduces testosterone in males by inhibiting Leydig cells (gonadal atrophy) Premature closure of epiphyseal plates Incr LDL, decr HDL |
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Ethyinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol
(a) mechanism (b) clinical use (c) toxicity (d) contraindications |
(a) bind estrogen receptors
(b) hypogonadis or ovarian failure Menstrual abnormalities HRT in postmenopausal women Androgen dependent prostate cancer (c) incr risk of endometrial cancer Bleeding in post menopausal women Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in women exposed to DES in utero Incr risk of thrombi (d) Er positive breast cancer |
