Usmle Step 1 Fa Micro-Clinical Bacteriology

Front 1

Ziehl-Neelsen stain useful for visualizing:

Back 1

Acid fast bacteria

Front 2

Silver stain useful for visualizing:

Back 2

Legionella and fungi

Front 3

Special culture requirements for: C. diptheriae

Back 3

Tellurite plate, Loffler's media

Front 4

Special culture requirements for: M tuberculosis

Back 4

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

Front 5

Special culture requirements for: M. pneumonia

Back 5

Eaton's agar

Front 6

Special culture requirements for: E. coli

Back 6

Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (blue black colonies with metallic sheen)

Front 7

Special culture requirements for: fungi

Back 7

Sabouraud's agar

Front 8

Major obligate aerobes

Back 8

Nocardia, pseudomonas, mycobacterium TB, bacillus

Front 9

Major obligate anaerobes

Back 9

Clostridium, Bacteriodes, Actinomyces

Front 10

Facultative intracellular bacteria

Back 10

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia

Front 11

Major urease + bacteria

Back 11

Proteus, Klebsiella, H pylori, Ureaplasma

Front 12

Toxins encoded in a lysogenic phage

Back 12

ABCDE
ShigA like Toxin
Botulinum toxin (certain strains)
Cholera toxin
Diptheria
Erythrogenic toxin of Strep pyo

Front 13

Major bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor exotoxins

Back 13

Diptheria toxin (corynebacterium diptheriae)
Exotoxin A (Pseudomonas)
Shiga toxin (Shigella dysenteriae)
Verotoxin aka shiga like toxin (EHEC)

Front 14

Major bacterial neurotoxin exotoxins

Back 14

Tetanus toxin (C tetani)
Botulinum toxin (C botulinum)

Front 15

Major bacterial cAMP inducer exotoxins

Back 15

Heat labile toxin (ETEC)
Cholera toxin (V cholerae)
Anthrax toxin (B. anthracis)
Pertussis toxin (bordetella pertussis)

Front 16

Major cytolysin exotoxins

Back 16

Alpha toxin (C perfringens and S. aureus but different mechs)

Front 17

Diptheria toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) targets
(d) role in disease

Back 17

(a) Corynebacterium diptheriae (+)
(b) ADP ribosyl transferase inactivates EF-2
(c) heart, nerves, epithelium
(d) inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis

Front 18

Exotoxin A
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) targets
(d) role in disease

Back 18

(a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (-)
(b) ADP ribosyltransferase inactivates EF2
(c) liver
(d) inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis

Front 19

Shiga toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 19

(a) Shigella dysentariae (-)
(b) interferes with 60s ribosomal subunit
(c) inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells; enterotoxic, cytotoic, and neurotoxic

Front 20

Verotoxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 20

(a) EHEC (-)
(b) interferes with 60s ribosomal subunit
(c) inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells

Front 21

Tetanus toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 21

(a) Clostridium tetani (+)
(b) blocks release of glycine and GABA
(c) inhibits neurotransmission in inhibitory synapses

Front 22

Botulinum toxin
(a) organism
(gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 22

(a) Clostridium botulinum (+)
(b) blocks release of acetylcholine
(c) inhibits cholinergic synapses

Front 23

TSST-1
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 23

(a) S. aureus (+)
(b) pyrogenic, decreases liver clearance of LPS; superantigen
(c) fever, increased susceptibility to LPS, rash, shock, capillary leakage

Front 24

Exotoxin A aka erythrogenic toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 24

(a) Strep pyo (+)
(b) similar to TSST-1
(c) fever, increased susceptibility to LPS, rash, shock, capillary leakage, cardiotoxicity

Front 25

Heat Labile Toxin (LT)
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 25

(a) enterotoxigenic E coli (-)
(b) LT stimulates an adenylate cyclase by ADP tibosylation of GTP binding protein
(c) both LT and ST promote secretion of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal epithelium

Front 26

Cholera toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 26

(a) Vibrio cholerae (-)
(b) similar to E coli LT
(c) profuse, watery diarrhea

Front 27

Anthrax toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 27

(a) Bacillus anthracis (+)
(b) EF=edema factor=adenylate cyclase
LF=lethal factor
PA=protective antigen
(c) decreases phagocytosis; causes edema and kills cells

Front 28

Pertussis toxin
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 28

(a) Bordatella pertussis (-)
(b) ADP ribosylates Gi the negative regulator of adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP
(c) histamine sensitizng; lymphocytosis production; Islet activation

Front 29

Alpha toxin (perfringens)
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 29

(a) Clostridium perfringens
(b) lecithinase
(c) damages cell membranes and incudes myonecrosis

Front 30

Alpha toxin (staph)
(a) organism (gram)
(b) mode of action
(c) role in disease

Back 30

(a) staph aureus
(b) pore former
(c) membrane becomes leaky

Front 31

Capsules
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 31

(a) antiphagocytic
(b) S. pneumo, Klebsiella pneumoa, H. influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans etc

Front 32

M protein
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 32

(a) antiphagocytic
(b) GAS

Front 33

A protein
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 33

(a) antiphagocytic
(b) Staph aureus

Front 34

Lipoteichoic acid
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 34

(a) attachment to host cells
(b) all G+ bacteria

Front 35

Pili
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 35

(a) attachment
(b) many gram negatives

Front 36

Pili of N gonorrhea

Back 36

antiphagocytic, antigenic variation

Front 37

Hylaouronidase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 37

(a) hydrolysis of ground substance
(b) GAS

Front 38

Collagenase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 38

(a) hydrolysis of collagen
(b) C. perfringens, Prevotella melaninogenica

Front 39

Urease
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 39

(a) increase pH of locale and contributes to kidney stones
(b) Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, Helicobacter

Front 40

Kinases
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 40

(a) hydrolysis of fibrin
(b) streptococcous, staphylococcus

Front 41

Lecithinase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 41

(a) destroys cell membranes
(b) C. perfringens

Front 42

Heparinase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 42

(a) thrombophlebitis
(b) bacterioides

Front 43

Catalase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 43

(a) destroys hydrogen peroxide
(b) Staph, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Candida, and Enterobacteriaceae

Front 44

igA protease
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 44

(a) destroys IgA, promote colonization of mucosal surfaces
(b) Neisseria, haemophilus, Strep pneumo

Front 45

Oxidase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 45

(a) possession of cytochrome C oxidase
(b)Neisseria and most G(-) except the enterobacteriaciae

Front 46

Coagulase
(a) function
(b) bacterial organisms

Back 46

(a) produces fibrin clot
(b) Staph aureus, and Yersinia pestis