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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are 1st Generation H1 Blockers?
- Diphenhydramine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Chlorpheniramine
What are 1st Generation H1 Blocker Clinical Uses?
- Allergy
- Motion sickness
- Sleep aid
What are Toxicity of H1 1st Generation Blockers?
- Sedation
- antimuscarinic
- anti-alpha-adrenergic
What are 2nd Generation H1 blockers?
- Loratadine
- Fexofenadine
- desloratadine
- cetirizine
What two ways are bronchoconstriction mediated?
1) inflammatory processes
2) sympathetic tone

(drugs target these two places for asthma)
What is a nonspecific B-agonist?
Isoproterenol
- relax bronchial smooth muscle (B2)
What is adverse effect of Isoproterenol?
Tachycardia
What are B2 agonists?
- Albuterol: relax bronchial smooth muscle (B2); use for ACUTE
- Salmeterol: long-acting agent for prophylaxis
What is adverse effects of Salmeterol?
-Tremor
- Arrhythmia
What is a methylxanthine used for asthma?
Theophyllin
- inhibit phosphodiesterase: decrease cAMP hydrolysis
What is adverse effects of theophyllin?
- cardiotoxicity
- neurotoxicity
* metabolized by P450
What is muscarinic antagonist used in asthma?
Ipratropium
- competitively block muscarinic receptors: prevent bronchoconstriction
* used in Asthma & COPD
What is Cromolyn?
prevent mediator release from mast cells.
- EFFECTIVE ONLY IN PROPHYLAXIS of asthma
What corticosteroids are used in asthma?
Beclomethasone & prednisone
- inhibit cytokine synthesis
- inactivate NF-kB: transcription factor that induces TNF-alpha production
What is first line therapy in chronic asthma?
Corticosteroids
(beclomethasone & prednisone)
What are antileukotrienes used in asthma?
- Zileuton: 5 lipoxygenase inhibitor (block arachidonic acid --> leukotrienes)
- Zafirlukast, montelukast: block leukotriene receptors
What is zafirlukast, montelukast especially known for?
Aspirin-induced asthma treatment
What is side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?
Candidiasis (treat with Nystatin)
What do you use to treat neonatal ARDS?
Dexamethasone
What does Guaifenesin do?
Removes excess sputum
(DONT SUPPRESS COUGH REFLEX)
What does N-AC do?
Mucolytic: loosen mucous plugs in CF patients
Antidote for Tylenol poison
What treats Pulmonary Hypertension?
Bosentan: competitive antagonist of Endothelin-1 Receptors