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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what does Candida albicans do that distinguishes it from other fungi
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forms a germinal tube at 37C
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what protozoal parasite results in dysentery w/ blood and pus in the stool, is transmitted via fecal-oral route, is diagnosed by cysts or trophozoites in the stool and forms liver abscesses and inverted falask-shaped lesions in the large int?
tx w/? |
e. histolytica
metronidazole |
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what is the most likely causitive organism for a patient with folliculitis after spending time in a hot tub
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pseudomonas
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what two viruses get their envelope not from budding but from coding
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HIV
pox |
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which type of hepatitis can cause hepaticellular carcinoma
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B
|
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gas gangrene is associated with which clostridium species
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perfringens
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which dimorphic fungus is found as hyphae with nondescript conidia in rotting wood in the upper great lakes, ohio, mississippi, eastern seaboard of the US and southern canada
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blastomyces dermatitidis
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which parasitic organism, when it crosses the placenta, results in intracerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis, microcephaly, hydrocephaly, and convulsions
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toxoplasma gondii
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what staphylococcal species is pos for beta-hemolysis and coagulase
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staph a.
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what vector is assoc w/ malaria
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anopheles mosquito
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what is the term for hyphae w/ constrictions at each septum that are commonly seen in candida albicans
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pseudohyphae
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which cestode infection results in alveolar hydatid cyst disease
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echinococcus multilocularis
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which hepatitis virus is in the flaviviridae family
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HCV
HGV |
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what nonmotile gram negative, non-lactose fermenting facultative anaerobic rod uses the human colon as its only reservoir and is transmitted by fecal oral spread
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shigella
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what is the only Rickettsia that is stable in the environment
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coxiella burnetti
(doesn't need a vector) |
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regarding the viral growth curve, is the internal virus present before or after the eclipse period
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after the eclipse period
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what Ab is an indication of recurrent disease for hepatitis
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HBcAB
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what small gram pos, non-spore forming rod is a faultative intracellular parasite that grows in the cold and is assoc w/ unpasteurized milk products
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listeria monocytogenes
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what is the only DNA virus that is not icosahedral
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poxvirus
|
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which organsism causes trench mouth
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fusobacterium
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t or f
all of the following are inactivated vaccines available in the US: influenza, vibrio cholera, hep A, rabies, and adenovirus |
F
adenovirus vaccine is live |
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name the plasmodium spp...
1. no persistent liver stage or relapse; blood smear shows multiple ring forms and crescent-shaped gametes; irregular febrile pattern; assoc w/ cerebral malaria 2. no persistent liver stage or relapse; blood smear shows rosette schizonts; 72 hr fever spike pattern 3. persistent hypnozoite liver stage w/ relapses; blood smear shows amoeboid trophozoites w/ oval, jagged infected RBCs; 48 hrs fever spike pattern 4. persisten hypnozoite liver stage w/ relapses; blood smear shows amoeboid trophozoites; 48 hr fever spike pattern; the most prevalent form worldwide |
1. plasmodium falciparum
2. plasmodium malariae 3. plasmodium ovale 4. plasmodium vivax |
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t or f
a pos PPD skin test indicates the patient has active pulmonary disease |
f
it tests exposure |
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what viral infection is kown to cause intracerebral calcification
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CMV
toxo also causes intracerebral calcifications but it is a parasite |
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what motile, gram neg spiral bacillus w/ flagella is oxidase pos, urease pos, and assoc w/ gastritis, peptuc ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
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h. pylori
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what glycoprotein in the HIV virus is used for fusion
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GP41
|
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what Ag is needed to diagnose an infectious patient w/ hep B
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HBeAG
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which organism causes multiple infections by antigen switching
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borrelia recurrentis
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what is the first Ag seen in an individual w/ hep
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HBsAG
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with which DNA virus are guanieri bodies assoc
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variola (small pox)
|
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what nematode is known as pinworms? what is the tx
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enterobus vermicularis
tx = albendazole |
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what protein allows mycoplasma to attach to the resp epithelium
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p1 protein
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what organism is assoc w/ the following type of diarrhea...
1. day care-assoc diarrhea in infants 2. watery diarrhea from beef, poultry, or gravies 3. rice water stools 4. diarrhea assoc w/ raw or undercooked shellfish 5. blood diarrhea assoc w/ hamburger ingestion |
1. rotavirus
2. clostridium perfringens 3. vibrio cholera 4. vibrio parahaemolyticus 5. enterotoxigenic E. coli |
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which fungus is found worldwide on plants, is a cigar-shaped yeast in tissue form, and resultsin rose gardener's dis
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sporothrix schenckii
|
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what type of hepatitis is a picornavirus
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HepA
|
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what grap pos rod is distinguished by its tumbling motility
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listeria
|
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what is the vector for leishmania infections
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sandfly
|
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what is the term of the viral growth period when no viruses can be found intracellulary
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eclipse period
|
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what organsism causes Q fever
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coxiella burnetti
(A rickettsia) |
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what are the three naked RNA virus
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1. picornavirus
2. calicivirus 3. reovirus PCR and astro |
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HIV capsid, core nucleocapsid, and matrix proteins are products of what structural gene
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gag gene
|
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what facultative intracellular fungus is assoc w/ hepatosplenomegaly
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histoplasma capsulatum
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what type of hepatitis has the highest mortality rate among pregnant women
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HEV
|
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which gram neg diplococcus ferments maltose
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meningococcus
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are antibiotics helpful in treating a disease caused by a prion
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no
|
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what bacterium is rsponsible for woolsorter's disease
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bacillus anthracis
|
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what picornavirus is assoc w/ hand-foot-and mouth diseaes
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coxsackie A
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what is the only trematode that is not hermaphroditic
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schistosoma have boys and girls
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what water-assoc organism is weakly stained gram neg rod that requires cysteine and iron from growth
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legionella
*all the "ellas" req cysteine for growth |
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with what virus are Downey type II cells assoc
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EBV
|
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t or f
interferons are eukaryotic proteins that inhibit viral replication by being virus specific |
false
interferons are produced by virally infected cells to inhibit viral replication via RNA endonucleases. They do not act directly on the virus, nor ar they virus specific |
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what is the vector for yellow fever
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aedes mosquito
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what sm, facultative gram neg intracellular rod's transmission is assoc w/ unpasterurized dairy products and undulant fever
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brucella
|
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t or f
all proteus spp are urease pos |
t
|
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which genus of dermatophytes is assoc w/ the following asites of infection...
1. nails and skin 2. hair and skin 3. skin, hair, and nails |
1. epidermophyton
2. microsporum 3. trichophyton |
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what protein of the HIV virus does ELISA detect
|
P24
|
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what genus of bacteria is described by catalase-pos, gram pos cocci in clusters
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staph
|
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t or f
vibrio parahemolyticus req NaCl in its growth medium |
t
staph a. and group D enterococci also grow in high salt media |
|
what virus causes sm pink benign wartlike tumors and is assoc w/ HIV pos patients
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molluscum contagiosum
|
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what two bacteria are assoc w/ drinking unpasteurized milk
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bucella and listeria (the tumbler)
|
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what cestode causes cysticercosis
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taenia solium
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what DNA virus is assoc w/ exanthem subitum (roseola)
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HHV 6
|
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which acid-fast rod is an obligate intracellular parasite
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mycobacterium leprae
|
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what form of the plasmodium spp is ingested by mosquitoes
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gametocytes
|
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what sm gram neg aerobic rod requires Regan-Low or Bordet-Gengou medium for growth
|
bordetella pertussis
|
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t or f
streptococci have catalase |
f
staph have catalase |
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what three bacteria are pos to quellung reactive test
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neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenza streptococcus pneumoniae -must have capsules Quellung - swelling |
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a patient goes to the ER w/ abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating less thean 24 hrs after eating potato salad at a picnic
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staph a
|
|
t or f
all spore formers are gram pos |
t
(bacillus and clostridium) |
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what is the only DNA virus thata has reverse transcriptase
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hepadnavirus
|
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what enzyme does HIV use to integrate the proviral dsDNA into the host
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integrase
|
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what are the two hepatitis viruses that can be chronic and can lead eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma
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HBV and HCV
|
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what gram pos spore forming anaerobic rod blocks the release of ACh at the NMJ, resulting in reversible flaccid paralysis
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clostridium botulinum
|
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name at least two products of HIVs pol gene
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protesase
integrase reverse transcriptase |
|
what form of plasmodium spp affects the liver
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hypozoite
|
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what sm coagulase pos, gram neg rod w/ bipolar staining is a facultative intracellular parasite resulting in buboes
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yersinia pestis
|
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what hemoflagellate spp is the cause of chagas dis
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trypanosoma cruzi
|
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to what host cell receptor does the rabies virus attach
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ACh receptor
|
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which hepatitis virus is in the picornaviridae family
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HAV
|
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Abs to what hepatitis B Ag provide immunity
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Abs to HBsAg
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what type of spore is defined as an asexual budding daughter yeast cell
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blastoconidia
|
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which of the following characteristics accurately describe fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites
1. eukaryotic cell, 15 to 25 microns, 80S ribosomes, no cell walls, replicates via cytokinesis w/ mitosis and meiosis 2. sm prokaryotic cells; no histones; 70S ribosomes; no sterols in cell membrane; peptidoglycans in cell wall; replicate by binary fission 3. eukaryotic cell; 3 to 10 microns; 80S ribosomes; chitinous cell wall; ergosterol in cell membrane; replicate via cytokinesis w/ mitosis and meiosis 4. acellular; some are enveloped; replicate within the host cell; no cell walls |
1. parasites
2. bacteria 3. fungi 4. viruses |
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what mosquito is the vector for dengue fever
|
aedes
(same for yellow fever) |
|
t or f
gonococcus in encapsulated |
f- meningococcus is encapsulated
no gonococcus |
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regarding the viral growth curve, is the external virus present before or after the latent period
|
after
|
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what aerobic branching rod that is gram pos and partially acid fast is assoc w/ cavitary bronchopulmonary disease in immunosuppressed patients
|
nocardia asteroides
|
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what obligate extracellular fungus is silver stain pos and is assoc w/ pneumonia in patients w/ AIDS
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pneumocystis carinii
|
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what Vi encapsulated gram neg motile anaerobic rod that produces H2S is assoc w/ enteric fever, gastroenteririts, and septicemia
|
salmonella typhi
|
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what is the most likely organism causing cellulitis in a patient who was cut by an oyster shell
|
vibrio vulnificus
|
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what virus is assoc w/ norwalk agent
|
calicivirus
|
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describe the organsism
1. beta-hemolytic streptococcus, pos cAMP; hydrolyzes hippurate 2. alpha-hemolytic strep; lysed by bile; sens to optochin 3. alpha hemolytic strep; not lysed by bile; not sens to optochin 4. beta hemolytic strep sens to bacitracin |
1. strep agalactiae
2. pneumococcus (strep pneumo) 3. strep viridans 4. strep pyogenes |
|
what is the only nonmotile pathogenic clostridium spp
|
perfringens
|
|
if a virus has pos sense RNA, can it be used as mRNA or is a template needed
|
pos sense RNA can be used as mRNA
neg sense requires a special RNA dep RNA polymerase |
|
where do adult tapeworms develop, in the intermediate or definitive host
|
adult tapeworms develop in the definitive host
cysticerci or larvae develop in the intermediate host |
|
which strep spp is characterized by being catalase neg, turning bile exculin agar back, producing a pos PYR test, and resulting in biliary and urinary tract infections
|
enterococcus (strep faecalis)
|
|
what three carcinomas are assoc w/ EBV
|
burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma thymic carcinoma |
|
which organism causes trench fever
|
rochalimaea quintana
aka bartonella quintana |
|
based on the onset of the sx, how are bacterial conjunctiviits from neisseria and chlamydia differentiated
|
neisseria gonorrhea conjunctivitis is 2 to 5 days
chlamydia trachomatis is 5 to 10 days |
|
what toxin produced by clostridium tetani, binds to ganglioside receptors and blocks the release of glycine and GABA at the spinal synapse
|
tetanospasmin (tetanus toxin)
|
|
t or f
all of the following are live attenuated vaccines measles mumps variclla francissela tularensis rubeola smallpox yellow fever sabin polio |
true
|
|
what family do the following belong to
1. ebola 2. california encephalitis 3. hantavirus 4. rabies 5. RSV 6. measles |
1. filovirus
2. bunyavirus 3. bunyavirus 4. rhabdovirus 5. paramyxovirus 6. paramyxovirus |
|
what microaerophile is a motile gramneg curved rod w/ polar flagella that causes infectious diarrhea at low doses
|
campylobacter jejuni
|
|
what bacterium is diagnosed useing the dieterle silver strain
|
legionella
|
|
how many strains of pneumococcus capsular polysaccharides are present in the vaccine
|
23 capsular polysaccharides
|
|
what nematode is known as whipworm?
tx? |
trichuris trichuria
albendazole |
|
which strep pyotenes toxin is immunogenic
|
streptolysin O
|
|
a urethral swab of a patient shows gram neg diplococci in PMNs,
|
neisseria gonorrhea
|
|
a suspected dermatophyte infection is stained w/ KOH... what do you see
|
arthroconidia w/ hyphae
|
|
what neg sense RNA virus is assoc w/ cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis w/ photophobia
|
measles (rubeola)
|
|
which M-protein strain of strep pyogenes is assoc w/ acute glomerulonephritis
|
M12
|
|
what are the three Cs of measles
|
cough
coryza conjunctivitis |
|
what is the term given to arthropod borne viruses
|
arbovirus (bunyavirus, flavivirus, and togavirus) and reovirus
|
|
which organism causes weil's disease
|
leptospira
transmitted by rat -> hemorrhagic and renal sx plus juandice |
|
what form of the plasmodium spp are injected into humans mosquito
|
sporozoites
|
|
what ssDNA virus must make dsDNA before it makes mRNA
|
parvovirus
(the only ssDNA virus) |
|
what is the vector of african sleeping sickness
|
tsetse fly
|
|
what HIV enzyme prodces a dsDNA provirus
|
reverse transcriptase
|
|
what non spore forming gram pos aerobic rod produces bull neck, sore throat w/ pseudomembranes, myocarditis, and sometimes respiratory obstructions
|
corynebacterium diphtheria
|