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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bugs that do not gram stain well
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These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color
Treponema (too thing to visualized) Rickettsia (intracellular) Mycoplasma (no cell wall) Mycobacterium (acid-fast) Legionella (primarily intracellular) Chlamydia (intracellular; lacks muramic acid in cell wall) |
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Giemsa Stain
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Chlamydia
Trypanosomes Borellia Plasmodium |
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PAS stain
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Tropheryma whippelii
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Ziehl-Neelsen
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Acid-fast
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India Ink
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Crypto
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Silver stain
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Fungi and legionella
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Media on which to culture C. diphtheriae
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Tellurite plate, Loffler's media
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Grow N. gonorrhoea
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Thayer-Martin or VPN (Vancomycin for G+, Polymixin for G-, Nystatin for fungi)
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Media to grow Legionella
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Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered w/ cysteine
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Obligate aerobes
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Nagging Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia Pseudomonas Mycobacterium Bacillus |
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Obligate anaerobes
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Can't Breathe Air
Clostridium Bacteriodes Actinomyces Normal flora in GI tract, but pathogenic elsewhere |
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Facultative Intracellular
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Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLy
Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella |
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Urease Positive
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Particular Kinds Have Urease
Proteus Klebsiella H. pylori Ureaplasma |
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Pigment of Staph Aureus
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Yellow
Aureus = gold in latin |
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Virulence factor of Staph aureus
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Protein A
Binds Fc portion of Ig Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis |
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M protein is found with what?
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Group A strep
Prevents phagocytosis |
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Who has endotoxins?
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Gram neg
Listeria |
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ADP ribosylating toxins
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V cholera
C. diptheriae E. coli Bordetella pertussis |
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Bordetella pertussis toxin
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Inhibits Galpha-i, increasing cAMP
inhibits chemokine receptor --> causing lymphocytosis |
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How does shiga toxin work?
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Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome)
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cAMP inducers
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V cholera - stimulates adenyl cyclase
E coli - heat labile toxin stimulates adenyl cyclase Bordetella pertusis - inhibits Galpha-i - turns off adenyl cyclase inhibition Bacilus anthracis - edema factor is an adenyl cyclase |
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Toxin genes that are encoded in lysogenic phage
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shigA-like toxin
Botulinum Cholera Diptheria Erythrogenic toxin for Strep pyogenes |
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Beta-hemolytic bacteria
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S. aureus
S. agalactiae S. pyogenes Listeria monocytogenes |
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S. aureus toxin preformed or not?
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Preformed
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Sepsis in a sickle cell patient due to?
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S. pneumoniae
(also in patients w/ splenectomy) |
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What kind of hemolysis is green?
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Alpha
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Subacute endocarditis in colon cancer patients?
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Streptococcus bovis
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Significance of Dipicolinic acid
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In core of spores - responsible for heat resistance
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How does C. diff cause damage
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Releases cytotoxin, an enterotoxin that kills enterocytes
Usually secondary to ampicillin or clindamycin use |
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Agent in Woolsorter's disease
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Anthrax
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Affect of Listeria in pregnant woman?
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Amnionitis
Septicemia Spontaneous abortion |
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Actinomyes. . .think about what
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Woman w/ IUD
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Nocardia
Clinical findings |
Pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients
Gram positive rod that forms long branching filaments (looks like fungi) |
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Most deadly form of leprosy
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lepromatous
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How you differentiate lactose non-fermenters?
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Oxidase
Oxidase positive - Pseudomonas Oxidase negative - Salmonella, shigella, Proteus |
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HUS
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Anemia
Thrombocytopenia Acute Renal Failure endothelium swells, causing hemolysis of RBCs and dec RBF. Damaged endothelium consumes platelets. |
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Transmission: pet feces, contaminated milk, pork
Causes: Mimic chrons and appendicitis Bloody diarrhea common in day-care centers |
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Treat H. pylori
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1) Metronidazole, bismuth, amoxicillin or tetracycline
2) Metronidazole, omeprazole, clarithromycin |
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Treatment for Lyme disease
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Doxycycline
Ceftriaxone |
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Undulant fever
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Brucella
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Source of plague
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Rodents, especially prairie dog
Yersinia pestis |
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Pasturella multocida
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Cellulitis
Transmission via animal bite (cat and dog are source) |
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Why are Rickettsia intracellular?
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Need NAD and CoA
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Palm and Sole Rash
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Drive your CARS with palm and soles
Coxsackievirus A Rickettsia Syphillis (maculopapular) |
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Two microbes linked to atheroslcerosis?
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CMV
Chlamydia |
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Eaton's agar
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Why is Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistant to penicillin?
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No cell wall!
membrane contains cholesterol |
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Mechanism of tinea versicolor
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Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmentation
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Soap bubble lesions in brain
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Crypto
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When do you start PCP prophylaxis?
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CD4 <200
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Treat sporothrix schenckii
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Itraconazloe
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HBV carrier state marker
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HBsAg
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HBV immunity
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HBsAb
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Correlates with how infective a person w/ HBV is?
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HBeAg
HBeAb = low transmissibility |
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HBcAb
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Helpful to tell if acute (IgM) or chronic (IgG)
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N. meningititis virulence factors
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IgA protease
Polysaccharide capsule LPS endotoxin (LOS a short version of LPS) Pili (attach to respiratory mucosa) Opa |
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How to treat Toxo?
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Sulfadizene + pyrimethamine
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How to treat PID?
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Cetriaxone for gonorrhoea
Tetracycline or erythromycin for Chlamydia |
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How does C. diff cause damage?
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Enterotoxin kills enterocytes
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Most severe side effect of chloroquine?
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Retinopathy
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Viruses in Picornavirus
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Polio
Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackie HAV |
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Immune response to attenuated vs killed virus?
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Attenuated - humoral and CMI
Killed - humoral immunity |
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Killed vaccines
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salK Killed
RIP Always Rabies Influenza salk Polio HAV |
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Attenuated vaccines
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Small Pox
Yellow Fever Chicken pox (VZV) Sabins Polio MMR Adenovirus (Ad4) Live! One night only! Small, yellow, chickens get vaccinated with Sabin's and MMR! |
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Virus that is dsRNA
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Reoviridae is dsRNA
Rotavirus & Reovirus |
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Virus ploidy
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all are haploid (1 copy of DNA or RNA)
EXCEPT, retrovirus is two identical ssRNA |
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ssDNA virus?
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Parvoviridae
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Beta hemolytic bacteria
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Group A & B strep
S. aureus Listeria monocytogenes |
