Usmle 2 Gold - Anti-Infective Pharm

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Primaquine

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4. Malaria profylaxis 5. Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale

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Ciporfloxacin

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6. Quinolone derivative

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Sulfonamides

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7. PABA structural analogs 8. Inhibit Folic acid synthesis

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Tertacyclines, anuria & the exception

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9. Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & increases d BUN levels. 10. Doxycycline is the exception

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Ceftriazone

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11. 3rd generation cephalosporin 12. DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie… HiB) 13. One dose txt of gonorrhea

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Hepatic coma DOC

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14. Neomycin (aminoglycoside) – it supresses the normal flora = decreases g NH4 production = decreases g free nitrogen levels in the bloodstream.

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Clavulanic acid

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15. Irreversible (-)r of β lactamases, but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a β lactamase sensitive penicillin

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Piperacillin

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16. Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella 17. Broad spectrum antibiotic

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Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)

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18. Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Isoniazid

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19. Most commonly used drug for TB. 20. Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol 21. Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis‘

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Pyrantel Pamoate

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22. Txt of Hookworm disease 23. Depolarizing NMJ (-)r

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Buy “AT” 30, “CELL” at 50

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24. A = Aminoglycosides 25. T = Tetracyclines 26. C = Chloramphenicol 27. E = Erythromycin (macrolide) 28. L = Clindamycin 29. L = Lincomycin

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Cefoxitin

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30. Txt intraabdominal infections (ie… w/ Bacteroides fragilis) 31. Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin

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Chloramphenicol

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32. Broad spectrum antibiotic 33. Bone marrow depression (common) – Aplastic anemia (rare) 34. Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated) 35. DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection) 36. DOC HiB meningitis in kids – especially resistant strain to ampicillin

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Nifurtimox

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37. Txt trypanosomiasis

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Metronidazole

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38. Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis 39. Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis 40. DOC Trichomoniasis 41. DOC Giardia lamblia

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Txt P. carinii

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42. TMP-SMX & Pentamidine

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Tetracycline

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43. Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera 44. Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 45. Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

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TMP-SMX

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46. (-) dihydrofolate reductase activity

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Benzathine Penicillin G

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47. Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis

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Praziquantel

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48. Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)

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Melarsoprol

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49. Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms

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Stibogluconate

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50. Txt Leishmaniasis

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Fluconazole

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51. Txt fungal encephalitis

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Amphotericin B

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52. Polyene antifingal

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Ketoconazole MOA

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53. (-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane

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Griseofulvin MOA

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54. Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections

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Mefloquine

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55. Anti malarial 56. Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P. falciparum

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Chloroquine

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57. Txt for Malaria when inside RBC

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Nifurtimox

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58. DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi

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Erythromycin

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59. Used in pts allergic to penicillins

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Nystatin

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60. Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis

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Acyclovir

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61. Guanine analog 62. Txt Herpes infections

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Imipenem

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63. Used w/ Cilastatin 64. Can cause seizures

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Cefoperazone side effects

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65. Bleeding due to vit K level alterations 66. Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders

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Vancomycin

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67. Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph. Aureus) 68. “Red neck”: due to histamine release causes facial flushing

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Meropenem

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69. used w/ Cilastatin 70. Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)

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Nafcillin

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71. Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment

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Peripheral neuropathy

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72. Seen w/ use of: 73. Metronidazole – Isoniazid – Vincristine – ddI – AZT – Allopurinol

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Sulfonamides & newborns

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74. Kernicterus can occur

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“O.N.E.” for gonorrhea

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75. Fluoroquinolones used in a one dose deal for gonorrhea: 76. O = Ofloxacin 77. N = Norfloxacin 78. E = Enoxacin

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Ribavirin

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79. Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)