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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-Miss & Ohio River Valley
-Bug within macrophage -Causes pneumonia |
Histoplasma
(Histo Hides w/in mo) |
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-Broad-base budding yeast
-East of Miss River -Forms granulomatous nodules -Spreads to skin and bone from lung |
Blastomycosis
(Blasto Buds Broadly) |
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-SW US
-Causes pneumonia and meningitis -Spherule |
Coccidioidomycosis
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-Budding yeast with "captain's wheel" formation
-Latin America |
Paracoccidioidomycosis
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-Cutaneous yeast that causes hypopigmented patches
-"Spaghetti & Meatball" appearance with KOH prep |
Malassezia furfur
(Tinea versicolor) |
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-Pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring
-Dermatophytes -Mold hyphae on KOH prep |
Microsporum
(Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis) |
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-Pseudohyphae + budding yeast
-Germ tubes -diaper rash |
Candida
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-Lung cavity
-Mold: 45 angle branching septate hyphae |
Aspergillus fumigatus
(A for Acute Angle in Aspergillus) "Fungus ball" in lungs |
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-Causes meningitis
-Yeast: wide capsular halo -Narrow-based unequal budding -"Soap bubble lesion in brain" |
Cryptococcus
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-Irregular broad, nonseptate hyphae, wide angle branching
-See in DM and leukemic pts -Can get Rhinocerebral frontal lobe abscesses |
Mucor and Rhizopus
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Causes diffuse interstitial pneumonia in HIV pts
CD4 <200 |
Pneumocystis jiroveci (yeast)
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Rose gardener's disease
-nodules along ascending lymphatics |
Sporothrix schenckii (tx-itraconazole)
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-Fatty foul-smelling diarrhea
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Giardia lamblia
(Tx: metronidazole) |
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-Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain
-flask shaped ulcers -trophozoites w. RBC inside cytoplasm |
Entamoeba histolytica
(Tx: Metronidazole + iodoquinol) |
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-Severe diarrhea in AIDs
-(acid fast cysts) |
Cryptosporidium
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-Brain abscess in HIV
-ring enhancing lesion -trans-cat feces |
Toxoplasma gondii
(Tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine) |
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-Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
-Enters via cribiform plate |
Naegleria fowleri
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-CP: Enlarged LN, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
-Trans: tsete fly bug? tx? |
African Sleeping Sickness-T. brucei
tx- suramin |
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CP: Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus
- In South America -Trans: Reduviid bug -bug? tx? |
Chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi (Tx: Nifurtimox) |
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-CP: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
trans-sandfly -bug? tx? |
Kala-azar
Leishmania donovani (Tx: Sodium stibogluconate) |
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CP: cyclic fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly
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Plasmodium
-P. vivax/ovale: cycles 2 d ; dormant form in liver -P. falcuparum: cerebral malaria -P. malaria-cycles 3 d Anopheles mosquito |
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-CP: fever, hemolytic anemia
-Maltose cross and ring form on blood smear |
Babesia
Ixodes tick |
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CP: foul-smelling greenish vaginal discharge, itching and burning
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Trichomonas vaginalis
(Tx: metronidazole) |
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-Cause of elephantiasis
dx? tx? |
Wuchereria bancrofti (helminth)
(Tx: diethycarbamazine) |
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worm in conjunctiva
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loa loa (tx diethylcarbamazine)
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-CP: granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation of the spleen and liver
-Chronic infection--> SCC of bladder |
Schistosoma (fluke)
(Tx: praziquantel) |
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-Under cooked fish
-Inflammation of biliary tract--> pigmented gallstones -Assoc with cholangiocarcinoma |
Clonorchis sinensis
(Tx: praziquantel) |
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-eat raw sushi
-megaloblastic anemia |
diphyllo-bothrium
(tx:praziquantel) |
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undercooked crab meat
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paragonimus westermani
(western man is full of crab) |
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-microcytic anemia
-inc eosinophile |
ancyclostoma, necator, hookworm
(hooks into Fe) |
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river blindness after blackfly bite
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onchocerca volvulus (tx ivermectin)
(ochocinco got Blinded in river by Blackflies and changed his name to IVER) |
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tx for -toxoplasma gondii (gandi)
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sulfadiazine (silver buffer for bald head)
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*what causes neurocysterosis
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taenia solium (pork tapeworm is the SOLE cause of neurocysterosis- because pigs are brainless they attack the brain)
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*moa of praziquantel
clinical use: |
increase Ca permeability of fluke tegument .
use: taenia solium, fish tapeworm, schistosomata, clonorshis, paragonimus westermani |
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*-roundworms presents at eosinophilic pneumonitis, no eggs in stool, larvae in respiratory aspirate,
-no hx of pruritic skin lesion |
ascaris lumbricle
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*clinical use of diethylcarbamazine
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loa loa (worm in eye) , wuchereia bancrofti (elephantitis)
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*pruritic, erythamatous scaling plaque with CENTRAL CLEARING
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tinea corporis (dermatophyte)
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*erysepelas: painful raised lesion w. sharply demarcated border, caused by
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S. pyogenes
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malaria drugs: prevent recurrent malaria (liver malaria)
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primaquin (works Primary in LIVER)
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DOC for severe malaria
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quinidine (also an antiarrhythmic class 1A
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